Question 1
正确答案: VIII
定位自然段是A段。线索句子,There are two key factors behind this trend. For passenger transport, the determining factor is the spectacular growth in car use. The number of cars…saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010…
解析:viii中的the rapid growth,对应文中的increase,而文中虽然没有提到private transport,但是文中有关于car和passenger transport的信息,car是在飞速增长的,因此,本题的答案是viii。
Question 2
正确答案: III
定位自然段是B段。线索句子,This phenomenon has…relocation of some industries,…to reduce the cost, even though the production site is hundreds or thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users。
解析:B段整体讲的是,运输增长的原因很大一部分是因为欧洲的经济和产业系统的改变
这种改变使得一些产业进行了重新的地点规划,而为了节约生产成本,这些产业的地点离工厂和用户距离很远。言下之意是,因为有了这些距离,加大了运输,导致了交通运输的增长。而iii选项符合这个表述,选项中有原文提到的关键词changes,和分析得出的distances good,
因此本题答案是iii。
Question 3
正确答案: XI
定位自然段是C段,线索句子是The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase transport flows…
解析:在xi中的awaiting EU admission可以对应到原文的candidates for entry to the EU,本段主要介绍了准备加入EU的国家的交通运输的概况,因此答案是xi。
Question 4
正确答案: I
定位自然段是D段,第一句However, a new imperative – sustainable development – offers an opportunity…和最后一句话,The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will ideally be placed in 30 years’ time, that is by 2040。
解析:原文中的new对应i中的fresh,原文中objective对应goal,only achieved by 2020和后文中的by 2040可以看出是一个long-term goal,因此本题的答案是i。
Question 5
正确答案: V
定位自然段是E段,关键词是CO2,greenhouse gas,和线索句子,Once again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO2 emissions attributable to transport。
解析:本段主要讲的是运输导致了二氧化碳的排放,导致了温室气体,而道路运输是罪魁祸首。v中的environmental cost对应的是CO2和greenhouse gas,而road transport是原词对应,因此本题的答案是v。
Question 6
正确答案: X
定位自然段是G,线索句子是第一句话The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing。
解析:文中的solely对应x中的alone,而approach对应x中的policies,pricing对应x中的pricing。本段是对应这个first approach展开来讲的,因此x符合本段的表意,答案是x。
Question 7
正确答案: II
定位自然段是H,线索句子是第一句The second approach also concentrates on road transport pricing but accompanied by measures to increase the efficiency of the other modes (better quality of services, logistics, technology)。
解析:原文中的road transport pricing对应ii中的charging,原文中的other modes对应ii中的other transport methods,原文中的increase the efficiency of the other modes对应ii中的improving。ii表述和原文的表述一致,H段是根据第一句线索句展开,因此答案选ii。
Question 8
正确答案: IV
定位自然段I段,The third approach, which is not new, comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to revitalising alternative modes of transport and…
解析:原文的 a series of measures对iv中的all steps necessary,原文的alternative对应iv中的change,原文中的modes of transport对应iv中的transport patterns,因此答案是iv。
Question 9
正确答案: TRUE
题干关键词:growing,despite,technological development。
原文定位:A段,定位句, Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase。
解析:growing对应increase,despite对应although,technological development对应information technologies。原文表意,现代信息技术的发展只是减少demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices,而transport是增加的,符合题干表意,因此本题答案是TRUE。
Question 10
正确答案: FALSE
题干关键词:reduce cost,mover closer,consumers。
原文定位:B段最后一句,to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away from the final assembly or away from users。
解析:题干翻译为,为了减少生产成本,一些产业搬到了离他们的消费者较近的地方。原文中的表意是hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away from the final assembly or away from users,users对应consumers,因此和题干表达相排斥,答案为FALSE。
Question 11
正确答案: NOT GIVEN
题干关键词:expensive,EU candidates countries。
原文定位:C段第一句话,The strong economic…which are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase the transport flows…
解析:文中可以找到与关键词EU candidates countries有关的信息,但是没有提到car是不是expensive的相关信息,因此答案是NOT GIVEN。
Question 12
正确答案: NOT GIVEN
题干关键词:Gothenburg European Council,30 years ago。
原文定位:D段,容易找到定位词和相关的句子,This objective, agreed by Gothenburg European Council…到该段最后,30 years’ time, that is by 2040。
解析:定位句子中,能够找到关于Gothenburg European Council,和30 years的信息,但是并没有说Gothenburg European Council这个组织是不是30年前组建的,因此本题的答案是NOT GIVEN。
Question 13
正确答案: FALSE
题干关键词:this decade,CO2,739 billion tonnes。
原文定位:E段,CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by around 50% to 1113 billion tonnes by 2020, compared with 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990。
解析:从定位段可知,二氧化碳的排放对应的数据是in 1990,739 billion,而by 2020是1113。而题干中说的是this decade,因此对应的数据是1113,所以答案是FALSE。