Question 1
正确答案: IV
1.定位自然段为A段,线索句子是Why did this particular Big Bang – the world-changing birth of industry – happen in Britain? And why did it strike at the end of 18th century?
解析:从happen in Britain和18th century可以看出,说的是为什么发生在英国和为什么发生在18世纪,对应了iv中的place和time。因此答案是iv。
Question 2
正确答案: VIII
定位自然段是B段,线索句子是第二句,’There are about 20 different factors and all of them need to be present before the revolution can happen,’ he says。和后面对所需要的因素的列举,如the technology and power to drive factories,large urban populations to provide cheap labour等等。
2.解析:B段主要是讲工业革命的发生是有条件的,并且对所需要的条件进行了列举,并在该段后面列举了一些国家具备其中的一些条件,但是因为仍有一些条件的缺失所以没有发生工业革命。Viii选项的表意符合原文的表达,因此答案是viii。
Question 3
正确答案: VII
1.定位自然段是C段,线索句子是第一句话和第二句话,The missing factors,… are to be found in almost every kitchen cupboard. Tea and beer, two of nation’s favorite drinks, fuelled the revolution。
2.解析:C段的表述是,别的国家缺失的因素,大都可以再厨房的柜橱里面找到,是茶和啤酒,它们点燃了工业革命。言下之意,茶和啤酒是两个关键的因素,符合vii的表意,因此答案是vii。
Question 4
正确答案: I
定位自然段是D段,线索句子,But then there was a burst in population growth ….The infant mortality rate halved in space of 20 years…People suggested four possible causes。和最后一句话。Efforts to explain this sudden reduction in child deaths appeared to draw a blank。
解析:D段主要说的是1740年后,人口大幅度增加,主要是因为婴儿的死亡率降低,对于婴儿死亡率降低,人们给出了四种猜测,但是统统被推翻了,因此对于这件事,还没有得出结论。所以人们是在寻求原因,需求人口增加(婴儿死亡率降低)的原因。i选项符合这个表述,因此答案是i。
Question 5
正确答案: VI
定位自然段是E段,线索句子是从He says, ‘We drank beer. For a long time, the English were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to help preserve the beer. But in the late 17th century a tax was introduced to malt, the basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin…..’
通过线索句子,可以知道,本段主要表达的是,麦芽税改变了人们的饮用习惯,转而向water and gin,vi的表达符合表意,因此答案是vi。
Question 6
正确答案: IX
定位自然段是F,线索句子是第一句话,Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was also developing large cities about the same time, and also had no sanitation. Water-borne diseases had a much looser grip on the Japanese population than those in Britain…
可知这一段讲的是,Macfarlane把视角看向日本,发现日本同样也在发展大城市,但是得病的情况比英国要轻,猜测是茶文化的原因,而后问就这个猜测展开。所以可知,此处是对比日本来的出结论,ix符合表意,因此答案是ix。
Question 7
正确答案: II
定位自然段是G段,线索句子,Macfarlane notes that even though 17th-century Japan had large cities, high literacy rates, even a futures market, it had turned its back on the essence of any work-based revolution by giving up labor-saving devices such as animals, afraid that they would put people out of work。
解析:线索句子翻译大意为,意思为:即使日本在17世纪出现的城市发展,文化程度高,良好发展的期货市场,仍旧恐惧人们会失业的问题。ii选项翻译为工业化和实业的恐惧,正好符合表意,因此答案是ii。
Question 8
正确答案: NOT GIVEN
题干关键词China’s transport,18th century。
原文定位:B段的倒数第三行,while China also had many of these factors。
解析:本段主要列举了工业革命的必须条件,并列举了一些拥有部分条件的国家,其中包含中共,但是并没有提到18世纪中国的transport system是不是suitable,因此答案是NOT GIVEN。
Question 9
正确答案: TRUE
题干关键词:Tea,beer,dysentery。
原文定位:C段,第三行,the active ingredient in tea, and of hops in beer – plus …without succumbing to water – borne diseases such as dysentery。
解析:succumbing表示屈从,文中的without可以对应prevent,原文翻译为,远离屈从疾病(痢疾)。因此符合题干的表达,所以答案是TRUE。
Question 10
正确答案: FALSE
题干关键词:Roy Porter,disagree,Professor Macfarlane。
原文定位:C段最后部分Macfarlane’s case has been strengthened by support from notable quarters-Roy Porter, the distinguished medical historian, recently wrote a favorable appraisal of his research。
解析:从定位句子中的strengthened by support 和a favorable appraisal可以知道,Roy Porter所持的态度是赞成,与题干中表意相违背,所以答案是FALSE。
Question 11
正确答案: FALSE
题干关键词:after 1740,reduction。
原文定位:D段,Between about 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain was static. But then there was a burst in population growth。
解析:原文中是growth不是reduction,因此答案是FALSE。
Question 12
正确答案: NOT GIVEN
题干关键词:make beer,at home。
原文定位:E段He says, ‘We drank beer. For a long time, the English were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops…到最后。
解析:原文中没有提到在家做啤酒,只说了饮酒习惯的变化,因此答案是NOT GIVEN。
Question 13
正确答案: TRUE
题干关键词:tax on malt,rise,death rate。
原文定位:E段,But in the late 17th century a tax was introduced to malt, the basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin and in 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again。
解析:题干翻译为麦芽税收间接导致了死亡率上升。原文表意是,麦芽税收,改变了人们drink的习惯,从而导致了死亡率再次上升,因此是符合题干表意的,所以本题的答案是TRUE。