Question 1
正确答案: D
题干关键词:explanation of the factors(对于影响因素的解释), transmission of information(信息的传递),题干大意是“对信息传播的影响因素的解释”
原文定位:D段第四行“communication channel”(信息传递的通道),第五行“relative strengths of the signal and noise”(会影响传递效果的因素),定位到D段第四句“This rate depends on the relative strengths of the signal and noise travelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its 'bandwidth').”(该速率取决于通信通道下行信号和噪声的相对强度,以及其容量(“带宽”)。)
解析:题干中的explanation of the factors(对于影响因素的解释)与原文communication channel(信息传递的通道)相对应,而原文“relative strengths of the signal and noise”(会影响传递效果的因素)同时也与题干transmission of information(信息的传递)相对应,即factors。故答案锁定为D项。
Question 2
正确答案: F
题干关键词:example(例子), unnecessary information(不必要的信息), omitted(省略),题干大意是“一个关于不必要的信息如何被省略的例子”。
原文定位:“as“(就像),F段第一、二句“Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by stripping out superfluous (‘redundant’)bits from data which contributed little real information. As mobile phone text messages like ‘I CN C U’ show, it is often possible to leave out a lot of data without losing much meaning.”(香农也为更有效的存储信息方式奠定了基础,通过从少量实际信息的数据中剥离出多余(“冗余”)位。 就像诸如“I CN C U”这样的手机短信,通常可以省略大量数据而不会失去意义。)。
解析:原文中的“superfluous bits”(多余的数位)和“contributed little real information”(包含极少的有用信息),都是指题干中的unnecessary information;而手机短信的例子对应了题目中的example;leave out替换了题目中的omitted。故答案锁定为F项。
Question 3
正确答案: B
题干关键词:Shannon's attitude(香农的态度), fame(名誉),题干大意是“对于香农对待名誉的态度的提及”。
原文定位:B段第四句“While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, Ibut shunned the resulting acclaim.”(在贝尔实验室,香农发展了信息理论,但是回避了最后的称赞)。
解析:由原文可知,香农对于名誉的态度很淡薄。故答案锁定为B。
Question 4
正确答案: E
题干关键词:details of a machine(一台机器的细节), interpreting incomplete information(解释不完整的信息),题干大意是“一个关于机器能够解释不完整的信息的细节”。
原文定位:E段第三句“Other codes have become part of everyday life — such as the Universal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a simple error-detecting system that ensures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price even on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps.”(其他代码已经成为日常生活的一部分,例如通用产品代码或条形码,它使用简单的错误检测系统,确保超市扫描激光器可以读取价格,比如,一袋皱巴巴的薯条的价格。)
解析:题干中的details of a machin(一台机器的细节)对应原文中中“supermarket check-out lasers”(超市用的镭射扫描器),而incomplete information就是原文举例中的“a crumpled bag of crisps”(破碎的薯片袋子),原文大意为即便袋子破损,条形码依旧可以被准确读出。与题干含义相符,故答案锁定为E。
Question 5
正确答案: A
题干关键词:detailed account of an incident(详细说明事件),题干大意是“对于信息理论的详细说明”
原文定位:A段第—句“In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the many applications of information theory. The space probe, Voyager I, launched in 1977 ...”(2002年4月,发生了一个事件,展示了信息理论的许多应用之一。:太空探测器,Voyager I,于1977年推出...)
解析:定位到的原文A段开头句指明2002年4月发生的事件展示了信息理论的应用,后面又详细地介绍了这一事件的过程。与题干含义相符。故选择A项。
Question 6
正确答案: C
题干关键词:what Shannon initially intended to achieve(香农最初打算实现的),题干大意是“提及香农最初在他的研究中打算实现的目标”。
原文定位:C段第一行“Shannon originally had for his work ”(香农从事的工作的初衷),定位到C段第一、二句“This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannon originally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise meaning of the concept of ‘information’.”(这一切似乎都远离了香农从事的工作的初衷...他由一个显然是很简单的目标出发:确定信息概念的精准信息。)
解析:原文中“Shannon originally had for his work”与题目中的Shannon initially intended to achieve可同义替换,该句的下一句话便解释了他最初的目的是想确定信息概念的精准信息,故锁定答案为C。
Question 7
正确答案: Jupite|Saturn
题干关键词:probe(探头), pictures(图片), left(离开)
原文定位:A段第三行“images”(图像),“soared out”(离开),定位到A段第二句“The space probe, Voyager I,launched in 1977, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars.”(空间探测器“Voyager I”于1977年推出,发回了木星和土星的壮观图像,然后离开太阳系,向星辰进发,完成单向任务。)。
解析:定位到原文后,利用of和both ... and ... 的关系可以确定33题的答案。
Question 8
正确答案: Solar System
题干关键词:probe(探头), pictures(图片), left(离开)
原文定位:A段第三行“images”(图像),“soared out”(离开),定位到A段第二句“The space probe, Voyager I,launched in 1977, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars.”(空间探测器“Voyager I”于1977年推出,发回了木星和土星的壮观图像,然后离开太阳系,向星辰进发,完成单向任务。)。
解析: 原文中的soared out of是题目中left 的同义替换,“soared out”的宾语是34题的答案。
Question 9
正确答案: sensors|circuits
题干关键词:stop working(停止发挥作用)
原文定位:A段第六行“on the brink of failing”(濒临失效的边缘),定位到A段第四句“Sensor and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA experts realised that they had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever.”(传感器和电路处于失效的边缘,美国航空航天局的专家意识到,他们要么做点什么,要么永远失去与他们的探测接触。)
解析:原文中的“on the brink of failing”(濒临失效的边缘)与题目中stop working(停止发挥作用)可同义替换,通过both ... and ... 的关系将题干与原文相对照可以确定答案为Sensor and circuits。
Question 10
正确答案: spares
题干关键词:replace them with(用...替代他们)
原文定位:A段第八行“use... to change”(用...来替换),定位到A 段第五句 “The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to change the failing parts.”(解决方案是向Voyager I发送消息,指示它使用备用件更改故障部件。)
解析:“use... to change”可与题目中“replace”同义替换。可以把原文中的spares看作A,failing parts看作B,那么原文中就是use A to change B,替换成replace 就是replace B with A,那么A就是答案,即spares。
Question 11
正确答案: radio di
题干关键词:speed of light(光速)
原文定位:A段倒数第三行“speed of light ” (光速),定位到A 段倒数第二、三句“By means of a radio dish belonging to NASA’s Deep Space Network, the message was sent out into the depths of space. Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto.”(通过属于NASA深空网络的收音机,信息被发送到空间深处。即使以光速行驶,也会超过十一个小时才能达到目标,者远远超出了冥王星的轨道。)
解析:原文中speed of light所在的句子的逻辑主语是后面的it,而这里的it 是指前一句中的方式,也就是means of a radio dish。故确定答案为radio dish。
Question 12
正确答案: TRUE
题干关键词:describing something as true or false(描述一些真实或虚假的东西), starting point for Shannon(香农的起点),题干大意是“描述一些真或假的东西的这一理念是香农项遥远的地方输送信息的起点”。
原文定位:C 段第一至三句“This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannon originally had for his work ... He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise meaning of the concept of ‘information’. The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, is whether something is true or false ...”(这一切似乎都远离了香农从事的工作的初衷...他由一个显然是很简单的目标出发:确定信息概念的精准信息。 香农认为,最基本的信息形式是:是真的还是假的?)
解析:原文中“the down-to-earth uses Shannon originally had for his work”与题目中的 “starting point for Shannon”相互呼应。而香农最初的目的在下面两句话中进行了详细的解释,即追求precise meaning,信息的最基本形式就是对与错。题干与原文信息一致,故此题答案为TRUE。
Question 13
正确答案: TRUE
题干关键词:a given time period(给定的时间段), signal strength and noise level(信号强度和噪声水平), 题干大意是“在给定的时间段里输送的信息量和信号强度和噪声水平有关”。
原文定位:“signal strength and noise level”(信号强度和噪声水平),D段倒数第二句“The resulting limit, given in units of bits per second, is the absolute maximum rate of error-free communication given signal strength and noise level.”(这一结果是被限制的,以每秒位数为传输单位,其绝对最大速率与信号强度和噪声水平有关)。
解析:题干中的“given time period”与原文中的“limit, given in units of bits per second”可以相对应。题干与原文信息一致,故此题答案为TRUE。
Question 14
正确答案: FALSE
题干关键词:products(产品), more information than Shannon had anticipated(),题干大意是“比香农能够想象的还能传播更多信息的产品已经被发明出来”。
原文定位:E 段最后一句“As recently as 1993, engineers made a major breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes—which come very close to Shannon’s ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliably, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution.”(最近1993年,工程师通过发现所谓的涡轮代码取得了重大突破,这些代码非常接近香农对数据可靠传输的最大速度的极限,现在在移动可视电话革命中起关键作用。)。
解析:题干中的“Products have now been developed”同义替换原文中的“a major breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes”,题干中的“Shannon had anticipated as possible”同义替换原文中的“Shannon's ultimate limit for the maximum rate”,原文说turbo codes非常接近(come very close to)Shannon对最大速率计算的最终极值,而题目说的是其可以传递比Shannon的预期更多的信息。题干信息与原文信息相矛盾,故此题为FALSE。