Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape

出生于苏格兰的亨德森于1855年移居加拿大，并成为了一位著名的风景画家。

Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. 'The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.

亚历山大·亨德森1831年出生于苏格兰，他的父亲是一位成功的商人。他的祖父，也叫亚历山大，创立了家族企业，后来成为苏格兰国家银行的第一任主席。这个家族在苏格兰拥有大片土地。除了在爱丁堡的住所外，他们还拥有普雷斯庄园，位于爱丁堡东南约35英里处，占地面积达650英亩的农田。这家人常住于普雷斯城堡，这是一幢位于庄园北部边缘的大宅第，亚历山大童年的大部分时间都是在这里度过的，要么在艾茅斯附近的海滩上玩耍，要么在附近的小溪边钓鱼。

Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Roberts on and they settled in Montreal.

即使是在爱丁堡郊区的默切斯特顿学院上学之后，亨德森也会在周末回到普雷斯。1849年，他开始了为期三年的学徒生涯，成为了一名会计师。尽管他从来都不喜欢经商的前景，但为了让家人高兴，他还是选择了经商。然而，在1855年10月他与妻子艾格尼丝·埃德·罗伯逊移居了加拿大，并在蒙特利尔定居。

Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association's first meeting, which was held in Notman's studio on 11 January 1860.

1857年左右，亨德森在蒙特利尔学习了摄影，很快就成为了一名有范儿的业余爱好者。他成为了苏格兰裔加拿大摄影师威廉·诺特曼的好友和同事。他们两人于1860年拍摄了一组尼亚加拉瀑布的照片并于1865年合作进行了一项用镁焰作为人造光源的实验。他们隶属于同一协会，且都是蒙特利尔艺术协会的创始成员之一。1860年1月11日，在诺特曼工作室举行了协会第一次会议，会议由亨德森主席主持。

In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman's landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape photographs. The publication had limited circulation (only seven copies have ever been found), and was called Canadian Views and Studies. The contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson's early work.

尽管他们是朋友，但他们的摄影风格却截然不同。诺特曼拍的的风景照以明显的现实主义著称而亨德森在其职业生涯的前20年里拍摄的都是具有浪漫主义风格的照片，这表明他深受传统英国风景照的影响。他的艺术感和技术性进步得很快，他于1865年出版了他的第一套风景摄影大合集。合集中每本手册的发行量有限(迄今只找到了七本)，被称为《加拿大的风景与研究》。每一本中的内容都大相径庭，这些被认为是评估亨德森早期作品的有效来源。

In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity, and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land, cutting ice on a river, or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and others he took depicting the lumber trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.[br/br/] Henderson frequently exhibited his photographs in Montreal and abroad, in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, New York, and Philadelphia. He met with greater success in 1877 and 1878 in New York when he won first prizes in the exhibition held by E and H T Anthony and Company for landscapes using the Lambertype process. In 1878 his work won second prize at the world exhibition in Paris.

1866年，他不再经商，开了一家摄影工作室，宣传自己是一名人像和风景摄影师。大约从1870年起，他放弃了人像摄影，转而专攻风景摄影和其他景观照。他拍摄了大量反映城市生活的照片，这些街道、房屋和市场景象全都因为有了芸芸众生活跃其中而显得充满生机，尽管他最喜欢的主题是风最照，但他通常还是围绕着人类的生活来构图，例如耕田种地、凿河取冰或沿林中溪流泛舟而下。人们对于他所拍摄的这些场最和其他描绘木材贸易、轮船和瀑布的照片需求量充足，足够他谋生。在19世纪80年代末期之前，由于摄影所需时间长，设备又沉重，因此很少有业余摄影爱好者会和他竞争。人们会买照片作为旅行的纪念品或礼物，为了迎合这样的市场需求，亨德森在他的工作室里陈列了一些照片，以装裱、镶框或制成影集。[br/br/] 亨德森经常在蒙特利尔和国外展出他的摄影作品，如伦敦、爱丁堡、都柏林、巴黎、纽约和费城。1877年和1878年，他在纽约获得了更大的成功，当时他在安东尼公司举办的风景摄影展中获得了一等奖。1878年，他的作品在巴黎世界博览会上获得了二等奖。

In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario, in Canada, documenting the major cities of the two provinces and many of the villages in Quebec. He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lièvre, and other noted eastern rivers. He went on several occasions to the Maritimes and in 1872 he sailed by yacht along the lower north shore of the St Lawrence River. That same year, while in the lower St Lawrence River region, he took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax. Commissions from other railways followed. In 1876 he photographed bridges on the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway between Montreal and Ottawa. In 1885 he went west along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.

19世纪70年代和80年代，亨德森广泛游历了加拿大的魁北克和安大略两个省，记录了两省主要城市和魁北克的许多村庄。他特别喜欢原野，经常乘独木舟在布兰奇河、杜里弗河和其他著名的东部河流漂流。他去过加拿大滨海诸省好几次。1872年，他乘游艇沿圣劳伦斯河下游北岸航行。同年，在圣劳伦斯河下游地区，他拍摄了一些殖民地之间铁路建设的照片。这项工作在1875年促使铁路委员会记录了连接蒙特利尔和哈利法克斯的几近完工的铁路沿线的主要结构。其他铁路公司的任务也紧随其后。1876年，他拍摄了魁北克、蒙特利尔、渥太华以及蒙特利尔与渥太华之间的西部铁路上的桥梁。1885年，他沿着加拿大太平洋铁路向西走，一直走到不列颠哥伦比亚省的罗杰斯山口，在那里他拍摄了一些山脉和建设过程中的照片。

In 1892 Henderson accepted a fulltime position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.

1892年，亨德森接受了加拿大太平洋铁路公司提供的一份全职工作，担任由他建立和管理的一个摄影部门的经理。他的职责包括每年要在野外呆四个月。那年夏天，他第二次到西部旅行直至维多利亚，在途径铁路沿线上广泛拍摄。这份工作他一直坚持到1897年，直到他完全从摄影界隐退。

When Henderson died in 1913, his huge collection of glass negatives was stored in the basement of his house. Today collections of his work are held at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, and the McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal.

1913年亨德森去世时，他收集的大量玻璃底片被收藏了起来，存放在他家的地下室里。如今，他的作品保存在位于渥太华的加拿大国家档案馆和位于蒙特利尔的麦考德加拿大历史博物馆。