Part A :
Question 31 - 40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Most birds are believed to migrate seasonally.
Hibernation theory
● It was believed that birds hibernated underwater or buried themselves in .
● This theory was later disproved by experiments on caged birds.
Transmutation theory
● Aristotle believed birds changed from one species into another in summer and winter.
– In autumn he observed that redstarts experience the loss of and thought they then turned into robins.
– Aristotle's assumptions were logical because the two species of birds had a similar .
17th century
● Charles Morton popularised the idea that birds fly to the in winter.
Scientific developments
● In 1822, a stork was killed in Germany which had an African spear in its .
– previously there had been no that storks migrate to Africa
● Little was known about the and journeys of migrating birds until the practice of ringing was established.
– It was thought large birds carried small birds on some journeys because they were considered incapable of travelling across huge .
– Ringing depended on what is called the ' ' of dead birds.
● In 1931, the first to show the migration of European birds was printed.
31. mud
32. feathers
32. shape
34. moon
34. neck
36. evidence
37. destinations
38. oceans
39. recovery
40. atlas