Part A :
One American investigation into the potential for storing CO2 on agricultural lands is taking place in California.
一个关于储存二氧化碳在农业土地中的潜力的美国研究正在加利福尼亚进行.
Soil scientist Whendee Silver of the University of California, Berkeley,
加利福尼亚伯克利大学的土壤科学家Whendee Silver,
is conducting a first-of-its-kind study on a large cattle farm in the state.
正在进行第一次在国家大型养牛场的研究.
She and her students are testing the effects on carbon storage of the compost that is created from waste - both agricultural,
她和她的学生们正在测试在堆肥中的碳储存,这些堆肥来自于一堆废物--
including manure and cornstalks, and waste produced in gardens, such as leaves, branches, and lawn trimmings.
包括粪便和玉米秆这些农业废物,和花园里产生的废料,如树叶、树枝、和草坪修剪下的东西.
In Australia, soil ecologist Christine Jones is testing another promising soil-enrichment strategy.
在澳大利亚,土壤生态学家Christine Jones正在测试另一种有前途的土壤富集策略.
Jones and 12 farmers are working to build up soil carbon by cultivating grasses that stay green all year round.
琼斯和12个农民正在努力建设土壤碳,通过种植草坪来终年保持绿色.
Like composting, the approach has already been proved experimentally;
像堆化肥,这种方法已经被实验证明;
Jones now hopes to show that it can be applied on working farms and that the resulting carbon capture can be accurately measured.
琼斯现在希望,为了证明它可以应用于工作的农场,而产生的碳可以捕获并且准确测量.
It's hoped in the future that projects such as these will demonstrate the role that farmers and other land managers can play in reducing the harmful effects of greenhouse gases.
希望在未来的如这些的项目中,能展示农民和其他土地管理者可以发挥的作用,去减少温室气体的有害影响.
For example, in countries like the United States,
例如,在美国这样的国家里,
where most farming operations use large applications of fertiliser, changing such long-standing habits will require a change of system.
大多数的农业操作都在使用大量的肥料,改变这个长期的习惯,会需要一个改变的系统.
Rattan Lal argues that farmers should receive payment not just for the corn or beef they produce, but also for the carbon they can store in their soil.
Rattan Lai说,农民应该得到报酬,不仅仅是对他们种植除了玉米或牛肉,而且为他们可以在土壤中储存碳
Another study being carried out...
正在进行的另一项研究……
Question 31 - 40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Rattan Lal:
● Claims that 13% of CO2 in the atmosphere could be absorbed by agricultural soils
● Erosion is more likely in soil that is
● Lai found soil in Africa that was very
● It was suggested that carbon from soil was entering the atmosphere
Soil and carbon:
● plants turn CO2 from the air into carbon-based substances such as
● some CO2 moves from the of plants to microbes in the soil
● carbon was lost from the soil when agriculture was invented
Regenerative agriculture:
● uses established practices to make sure soil remains fertile and
● e.g. through year-round planting and increasing the of plants that are grown
California study:
● taking place on a big farm
● uses compost made from waste from agriculture and
Australia study:
● aims to increase soil carbon by using that are always green
Future developments may include:
● reducing the amount of fertilizer used in farming
● giving farmers for carbon storage, as well as their produce
31. dry
32. hard
33. sugar|sugars
34. roots
35. moist|damp|wet
36. variety
37. cattle
38. gardens|gardening
39. grasses
40. payment|payments|money