Read the text below and answer questions 1-13.
Cork
Questions 1-5
1 The cork oak has the thickest bark of any living tree.
2 Scientists have developed a synthetic cork with the same cellular structure as natural cork.
3 Individual cork oak trees must be left for 25 years between the first and second harvest.
4 Cork bark should be stripped in dry atmospheric conditions.
5 The only way to remove the bark from cork oak trees is by hand.
我的答案：
正确答案： 1.NOT GIVEN 2.FALSE 3.FALSE 4.TRUE 5.TRUE
查看解析
参考译文: 栓皮栎树拥有所有现在树木中最厚的树皮。
定位词: The cork oak
对应 第一段第一句: Cork - the thick bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber) - is a remarkable material.
本题出现了绝对化表达the thickest bark,答题时需要格外关注。根据题目中的cork oak及bark可以定位到文章首段首句，该句说cork是the thick bark of the cork oak tree,并且这是一种remarkable material,在本段后几句中，对cork的特点以及以往用途进行了介绍，但对于“cork oak的bark是不是the thickest”这一问题，完全没有提及，因此本题答案为NOT GIVEN。
参考译文: 科学家研发出了人造栓皮,它们与天然栓皮具有同样的细胞结构。
定位词: cellular structure
文中对应点 第二段第三句: Developed most probably as a defense against forest fires, the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellular structure - with about 40 million cells per cubic centimeter - that technology has never succeeded in replicating.
关于栓皮细胞结构的内容出现在第二段第三句，本句说明了栓皮的特殊细胞结构从来没有被技术成功复制过，因此与题目中科学家研发出了人造栓皮，与天然栓皮细胞结构一致的表达相反，因此本题答案为FALSE。
参考译文: 一株栓皮栎树第-一次收获和第二次收获之间必须间隔25年。
定位词: the first and second harvest
文中对应点 第四段第四句: From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years,and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree.
本题问关于栓皮栎树的成长过程，题目中说第一次收获和第二次收获之间必须间隔25年。而按照原文第四段第四句的表述，从planing of a cork sapling 到first harvest需要25年，之后a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree,由此可以判断题目中关于栓皮栎树的表述与原文是不一致的，因此本题答案为FALSE。
参考译文: 栓皮应该在干燥的空气条件下剥开。
定位词: cork bark, stripped
对应第四段第六、七句: You even have to wait for the right kind of summer's day to harvest cork. If the bark is stripped on a day when it's too cold - or when the air is damp - the tree will be damaged.
关于cork bark在怎样的条件剥皮的表述出现在原文第四段末尾，其中第六、七句说需要在right kind of summer's day进行,如果天气太冷,空气潮湿,树木则会受到破坏，所有本题说在dry atmospheric conditions进行是正确的，因此本题答案为TRUE。
参考译文: 唯一从栓皮栎树上剥下栓皮的方式是用手进行。
定位词: The only way to remove the bark from cork oak trees
文中对应点 第五段第一、二句: Cork harvesting is a very specialised profession. No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so the job is done by teams of highly skilled workers.本题问将树皮从cork oak tree上剥下的方式，原文第五段写道cork harvesting 是非常专业化的职业，人们没有发明出mechanical means,这项工作是由teams of highly skilled workers完成的,这与题目中“只能通过by hand的方式进行”这一表述一致。需要注意的是，题目中出现绝对词only需要格外关注，但不要先人为主地认为在这种情况下题目与原文多数会出现矛盾，因此本题答案为TRUE。
Questions 6-13
Advantages of aluminium screw caps
· do not affect the of the bottle contents
· are to produce
· are to use
Advantages of cork bottle stoppers
· suit the of quality products
· made from a material
· easily
· cork forest aid
· cork forests stop happening
我的答案： 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
正确答案： 6.taste 7.cheaper 8.convenient 9.image 10.sustainable 11.recycled 12.biodiversity 13.desertification
查看解析
定位词：aluminum，screw caps, bottle contents
第六段第三句：The tiniest concentrations as little as three or four parts to a trillion - can spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle.
关于影响瓶中液体的问题出现在第六段第三句，需要注意本题实际上是针对其他材质的劣势出题。文中说spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle, 其中the product contained in the bottle相当于题目中的the bottle contents，原文与题目都出现了介词of，of之前的名词taste为正确答案。
定位词：produce
第六段第五句：These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user.
本段第五句提到These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture, 此处manufacture与题目中produce是同义替换，都表示“生产”的意思，因此本题答案为cheaper。
定位词：use 第六段第五句：These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user.
本段第五句提到in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user，此处与题目中to use对应，因此形容词convenient为正确答案。
定位词：cork bottle stoppers, suit, quality products
第七段第二句：Firstly, its traditional image is more in keeping with that of the type of high quality goods with which it has long been associated.
从本题开始，对cork bottle stoppers的好处进行提问。关于quality products的表述出现在第七段第二句：its traditional image is more in keeping with that of the type of high quality goods，此处的high quality goods与quality products是同义替换，根据本题的字数和词性情况判断，答案应为句中image一词。
定位词：made from
第七段第三句：Secondly - and very importantly - cork is a sustainable product that can be recycled without difficulty.
本题问cork bottle stoppers来自一种怎样的材料，文中第七段第三句说cork是一种sustainable product，与本题的含义一致，因此本题答案为sustainable。
定位词：easily
第七段第三句：Secondly - and very importantly - cork is a sustainable product that can be recycled without difficulty.
第七段第三句提到cork是一种sustainable material，之后进行了解释：that can be recycled without difficulty，此处without difficulty与题目中easily为同义替换，根据题目与原文的对应情况，答案应填入recycled。
定位词：aid
第七段第四句：Moreover, cork forests are a resource which support local biodiversity, and prevent desertification in the regions where they are planted.
Cork forests出现在第七段第四句，本句说cork forests可以support local biodiversity，此处support与题目中aid同义替换，本题答案为biodiversity。
定位词：stop
第七段第四句：Moreover, cork forests are a resource which support local biodiversity, and prevent desertification in the regions where they are planted.
第七段第四句是关于cork forest的好处，提到support local biodiversity and prevent desertification，其中prevent与题目中stop sth. happening含义一致，因此本题答案为desertification。
Read the text below and answer questions 14-26.
COLLECTING AS A HOBBY
Questions 14-21
14 The writer mentions collecting as an example of collecting in order to make money.
15 Collectors may get a feeling of from buying and selling items.
16 Collector's clubs provide opportunities to share .
17 Collectors' clubs offer with people who have similar interests.
18 Collecting something involves a life-long for a special item.
19 Searching for something particular may prevent people from feeling their life is completely .
20 Stamp collecting may be because it provides facts about different countries.
21 tends to be mostly a male hobby.
我的答案： 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
正确答案： 14.antiques 15.triumph 16.information 17.contact|meetings 18.hunt|desire 19.aimless|empty 20.educational 21.Trainspotting
查看解析
定位词：make money
第二段第一、二句: There are the people who collect because they want to make money - this could be called an instrumental reason for collecting; that is, collecting as a means to an end. They'll look for, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit.
收藏以赚取金钱的说法出现在文章第二段。本题问关于这种情况，作者提到的例子是收藏什么，本段第一句说到people who collect because they want to make money, 第二句则直接进行了举例，They'll look for, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and except to be they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit,其中提到的例子是收藏antiques,因此本题答案为antiques。
定位词：a feeling of, buying and selling items
第二段第三句: But there may well be a psychological element, too-buying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of triumph.
本题问通过买卖物品，收藏者们可以获得一种怎么样的feeling。 原文第二段第三句说buying cheap and selling clear can give the collector a sense of triumph,其中a sense of与题目中a feeling of是同义替换的情况，因此本题答案为triumph。
定位词：clubs, share，collectors'
第三段第一句：Many collectors collect to develop their social life, attending meetings of a group of collectors and exchanging information of items. 本题是关于collectors' club的问题，该内容出现在第三段。本段首句提到一些收藏者是为了develop their social life, 他们参加各种活动并exchanging information of items, 其中exchange与题目中share含义一致，因此本题答案为information。
定位词：clubs,similar，collectors'，interests
第三段第一、二句：Many collectors collect to develop their social life, attending meetings of a group of collectors and exchanging information of items. This is a variant on joining a bridge club or a gym, and similarly brings them into contact with like-minded people. 本题依然是关于collectors' clubs, 从文中可以看到，人们attending meetings, exchanging information并且这类活动也会brings them into contact with like-minded people, 而like-minded people与题目people who have similar interests含义一致，题目问collectors' clubs提供了什么，根据词性及本段含义，答案为contact或meetings。
定位词：Life-long，a special item
第四段第一、二句：Another motive for collecting is the desire to find something special, or a particular example of the collected item, such as a rare early recording by a particular singer. Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt for this.
题目是关于a special item的收藏问题，文中第四段开头说收藏行为的一种动力是he desire to find something special, 而第二句说Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt for this。这与题目中的special item及life-long含义一致，因此答案为desire或hunt。
定位词：searching for something particular, prevent
第四段第三、四句：Psychologically this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimless. There is a danger, though, that if the individual is ever lucky enough to find what they’re looking for, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, now that the goal that drove them on has gone. 寻找一些特别的物品带来的心理效用出现在文章第四段第三句:this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimless,也就是说这种行为避免人们感到aimless，之后第四句说到目标达成后，they may feel empty, now that the goal that drove them on has gone，从句意判断，此处empty也是通过收藏行为避免的，因此本题答案为aimless或empty。
定位词：Stamp collecting, different countries
第五段第一、二句：If you think about collecting postage stamps, another potential reason for it - or, perhaps, a result of collecting - is its educational value. Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. 本题是关于收藏邮票的问题，同时也说邮票会提供关于不同国家的信息，这一内容出现在第五段第一、二句，其中第二向opens a window to other countries与题目含义一致，而在第一句中也明确说明了这一行为的educational value,因此本题答案为educational.
定位词：mostly a male hobby
第六段第一句：In the past - and nowadays, too, though to a lesser extent - a popular form of collecting particularly among boys and men, was trainspotting.
本题提到a male hobby,文中第六段第一句提到a popular form of collecting, particularly among boys and men是trainspotting,这与题目表述一致，内此本题答案trainspotting.
Questions 22-26
22 The number of people buying dolls has grown over the centuries.
23 Sixteenth century European dolls were normally made of wax and porcelain.
24 Arranging a stamp collection by the size of the stamps is less common than other methods.
25 Someone who collects unusual objects may want others to think he or she is also unusual.
26 Collecting gives a feeling that other hobbies are unlikely to inspire.
我的答案：
正确答案： 22.NOT GIVEN 23.FALSE 24.NOT GIVEN 25.TRUE 26.TRUE
查看解析
参考译文： 几个世纪以来购买玩偶的人数增加了。
定位词：dolls, over the centuries
文中对应点 第七段第一、二句: Similarly, people who collect dolls may go beyond simply enlarging their collection ... through the wax and porcelain of later centuries, to the plastic of today's dolls.
文中第七段出现了有关dolls的内容，并对几个世纪以来制作dolls的材质发生的变化进行了说明。而在整个段落的论述中，并没有出现关于the number of people buying dolls的信息，因此也就不需要判断是否grown. 因此本题答案为NOT GIVEN。
参考译文: 十六世纪欧洲的玩偶通常使用蜡和瓷器制作
定位词: Sixteenth century European dolls
文中对应点 第七段第二句: These have changed over the centuries from the wood that was standard in 16th century Europe, through the wax and porcelain of later centuries, to the plastic of today's dolls.
关于制作玩偶使用材质的问题在文中第七段第二句进行了论述，总共可以分为三个阶段: wood that was standard in 16th century Europe, wax and porcelain of later centuries, plastics of today's dolls,因此十六世纪欧洲使用的标准材料为wood,而非题目中说到的wax and porcelain, 因此本题答案为FALSE。
参考译文: 按照大小整理邮票的方式比起其他方式并不常见。
定位词: Arranging a stamp collection, by the size of the stamps
文中对应点 第八段第二句: Stamps collectors, for instance, arrange their stamps in albums, usually very neatly, organising their collection according to certain commonplace principles - perhaps by country in alphabetical order, or grouping stamps by what they depict - people, birds,maps, and so on.
本题是关于整理邮票方式的问题。原文中第八段对这个问题进行了描述，从本段第二句可以看到邮票收集者们使用的方式，同时也提到了一些常用的整理原则，例如by country in alphabetical order, or grouping stamps by what they depict,但是文中并没有说到by the size of the stamps以及这种方式是否更加unusual, 因此本题答案为NOT GIVEN。
参考译文: 一些收藏不寻常物品的人或许希望别人认为他们与众不同。
定位词: collects unusual objects
对应第九段第一句: One reason, conscious or not, for what someone chooses to collect is to show collector's individualism.
本句说无论我们是否意识到，一些人选择收藏行为是为了show the collector's individualism,之后举例说明了这一点，这与题目中的表述是致的，因此本题答案为TRUE。
参考译文: 收藏行为会带来种其他爱好无法激发的感受。
定位词: Collecting gives a feeling
文中对应点 第十段第一、二句: Of course, all hobbies give pleasure, but the common factor in collecting is usually passion: pleasure is putting it far too mildly. More than most other hobbies, collecting can be totally engrossing, and can give a strong sense of personal fulfillment.
本题说收藏行为带给人的感受问题，在文中第十段中，作者写道all hobbies give pleasure, but the common factor in collecting is usually passion: pleasure is putting it far too mildly,可见本身收藏行为带来的感受会强于一般爱好。在后续的论述中，作者也使用了be totally engrossing, a strong sense of personal fulfillment这类表达，都充分说明了其他爱好无法与之相比。因此本题答案为TRUE。
Read the text below and answer questions 27-40.
What’s the purpose of gaining knowledge?
Questions 27-32
A. Courses that require a high level of commitment
B. A course title with two meanings
C. The equal importance of two meanings
D. Applying a theory in an unexpected context
E. The financial benefits of studying
F. A surprising course title
G. Different names for different outcomes
H. The possibility of attracting the wrong kind of student
27 paragraph A27
28 paragraph B28
29 paragraph C29
30 paragraph D30
31 paragraph E31
32 paragraph F32
我的答案： 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
正确答案： 27.F 28.H 29.B 30.D 31.C 32.G
查看解析
定位词：A surprising course title
A段第四句: But what would the founders of theses two institutions have thought of a course called 'Arson for Profit'?
A段首先引用了康奈尔大学创始人的话，说明在大学里学生可以学各种各样的课程。本段第三句中列举了大量具体课程来说明这一点。之后第四句使用了But what would the founders... 的句型，引出了一门叫做“Arson for Profit” 的课程，说明即使如此课程门类丰富的学校，也会为这门课的存在感到吃惊，之后写到这门课程确实存在，因此本题答案为F。
定位词：attracting the wrong kind ofstudent
B段第一、二句:Naturally, the course is intended for prospective arson investigators, who can learn all the tricks of the trade for detecting whether a fire was deliberately set, discovering who did it, and establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution in a court of law. But wouldn’t this also be the perfect course for prospective arsonists to sign up for? B段首句说明了这门课程是prospective arson investigators设置的。之后提出问题，这对那些未来的纵火犯而言，也是一门绝佳的课程。在之后的论述中，作者也说明了这种可能性，因此本题答案为H。
定位词：Course title, two meanings
C段第五句：After all, a subject matter can have principles in the sense of being codified, having rules, as with football or chess, without being principled in the sense of being ethical.
本段提到作者在Principles of Marketing课程上与同学们的对话，并且在第五句中，作者分别提到了in the sense of being codified以及in the sense of being ethical，随后的论证也由此展开，因此本题答案为B。
定位词：a theory, unexpected context
D段第一、二句：Is that obvious? I made the suggestion, which may sound downright crazy in light of the evidence, that perhaps marketing is by definition principled. 本段提到了作者的想法是出人意料的，而他之所以有这种观点，是受到了哲学家康德的影响，随后将关于end与means的理论应用到课程当中，因此本题答案为D。
定位词：equal importance
E段第八、九句：My proposal, which I believe would also be Kant’s, is that neither of these attitudes captures the significance of the end to the means of marketing. A field of knowledge or a professional endeavor is defined by both the means and the end; hence both deserve scrutiny. 本段具体论述了关于means及end在具体课程中的体现，也提到了作者是如何看待学生们回答的。其中作者在第八句说明了对目前常见两种attitude的看法:My proposal, which I believe would also be Kant’s, is that...，并在第九句提出自己的观点：A field of knowledge or a professional endeavor is defined by both the means and the end，这与ii选项中“两个问题同等重要”是一致的，因此本题答案为C。
定位词：Different names, different outcomes
F段第七至十句:Similarly, if you employed... use the identical knowledge to achieve their divergent end... murder.
本段的后半部分对不同行为带来的结果进行了讨论，分别举了消防员、市场营销行为以及医生的例子，说明不同行为带来的结果不同，我们对这种行为的界定也就不同，因此本题答案为G。
Questions 33-36
This is a university course intended for students who are undergraduates and who are studying .The expectation is that they will become specialising in arson. The course will help them to detect cases of arson and find of criminal intent, leading to successful in the courts.
我的答案： 33. 34. 35. 36.
正确答案： 33.fire science 34.investigators 35.evidence 36.prosecution
查看解析
定位词：undergraduates
A段第六句:Any undergraduates who have met the academic requirements can sign up for the course in our program in 'fire science'.
本题关于Arson for Profit这门课程所针对的学生人群，其中提到了他们是undergraduates 并且正在学习一门课。可见第33题应当填入的是表示课程或专业的名词，原文中A段第六句写道：达到学术要求的undergraduates可以在fire science中选择这门课，因此本题答案为fire science.
定位词：expectation, arson
B段第一句:Naturally, the course is intended for prospective arson investigators, who can learn all the ticks of the
trade for detecting whether a fire was deliberately set, discovering who did it, and establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution in a court of law.
本题问这门课程的expectation,这与B段首句the course is intended for含义一致，文中提到课程是为prospective arson investigators设置的，而本题需要填人的是表示某种身份的名词，因此本题答案为investigators。
定位词：detect
B段第一句: Naturally, the course is intended for prospective arson investigators, who can learn all the ticks of the
trade for detecting whether a fire was deliberately set, discovering who did it, and establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution in a court of law.
本题所在句子对前文进行具体的解释说明，课程能够帮助这些investigators发现纵火行为，并建立有关criminal intent的证据。这与B段第一句中discovering who did it, and establishing a chain of evidence对应，本题中需要找到的是evidence,即find evidence of criminal intent与原文含义一致，因此本题答案为evidence。
定位词：in the courts
B段第一句:Naturally, the course is intended for prospective arson investigators, who can learn all the ticks of thetrade for detecting whether a fire was deliberately set, discovering who did it, and establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution in a court of law.
在出题方面，本题与上一题出现在同一句中，并且出现了非常重要的线索in the courts,不难找到原文B段第一句后半部分说到了effective prosecution in a court of law,此处effective与题目中successful同义替换。根据两个句子的对应，找到名词prosecution即可， 因此本题答案为prosecution。
Questions 37-40
37 It is difficult to attract students onto course that do not focus on a career.
38 The `Arson for Profit` course would be useful for people intending to set fire to buildings.
39 Fire science course are too academic to help people to be good at the job of firefighting.
40 The writer's fire science students provided a detailed definition of the purpose of their studies.
我的答案：
正确答案： 37.NOT GIVEN 38.YES 39.NO 40.NO
查看解析
参考译文: 很难吸引学生进入并不关注日后职业发展的课程。
定位词: courses that do not focus on a career
文中对应点 A段第三句: A student can prepare for a carer in resort management, engineering, interior design, accounting music, law enforcement, you name it.
在文章首段第三句中，作者写道学生可以学习各种课程，为日后的职业生涯做好准备，作者列举了大量不同课程，并在后面引出了下文中讨论的Arson for Profit但是在这一过程中，并没有说到与日后职业无关的课程，也没有提到这种课程难以吸引学生，因此本题答案为NOT GIVEN。
参考译文: 纵火谋利课程对希望对建筑物纵火的人是有用的。
定位词： Arson for Profit, people intending to set fire
文中对应点 B段第一、二句: Naturally, the course is intended for prospective arson investigators,who can learn all the tricks of the trade for detecting whether a fire was deliberately set,discovering who did it, and establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution in a court of law. But wouldn't this also be the perfect course for prospective arsonists to sign up for?
文章B段首先说明了这门课程设置的初衷: for prospective arson investigators,之后写到对prospective arsonist而言也会是绝佳的课程，由此可见对蓄意纵火者也是有帮助的，并在本段第四、五句中举例说明了这种情况，因此本题答案为YES。
参考译文： 火灾科学课程过于学术无法帮助人们做好消防工作。
定位词: Fire science
文中对应点 B段第三句: My point is not to criticize academic programs in fire science they are highly welcome as part of the increasing professionalization of this and many other occupations.
本题所涉及的内容出现在B段第三句，作者说My point is not to criticize academic programs in fire science,说明作者并没有对这门课程提出异议，而之后也出现了进一步解释: they are highly welcome as part of the increasing professionalization of this and many other occupations,也就是说，在高度职业化的今天，作者对fire science本身是认可的，因此本题答案为NO。
参考译文: 作者的火灾科学学生提供了关于目的的细致定义。
定位词: fire science students
文中对应点 F段第四句: When I ask fire science students to articulate the end, or purpose, of their field,they eventually generalize to something like, ‘The safety and welfare of society,’ which seems right.
需要注意的是，文中E段F段都出现了作者与学生之间的交流内容，其中E段的学生与前文一致，主要讨论的是marketing有关的内容。而fire science students出现在F段，其中第四句提到当作者ask fire science students to articulate the end，or purpose, of their field时，他们最终generalize to something like...因此学生并没有给出a definition of the purpose of their studies, 因此本题答案为NO。
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