Read the text below and answer questions 1-13.
William Henry Perkin
The man who invented synthetic dyes
Questions 1-7
1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin's ability as a student of chemistry.
2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.
3 Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.
4 Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.
5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.
6 Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.
7 Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.
我的答案： 1. FALSE 2. FALSE 3. TRUE 4. TRUE 5. TRUE 6. TRUE 7. TRUE
正确答案： 1.FALSE 2.NOT GIVEN 3.FALSE 4.TRUE 5.NOT GIVEN 6.TRUE 7.NOT GIVEN
查看解析
参考译文: Michael Faraday是第一个发现Perkin化学天赋的人。
定位词: Michael Faraday
文中对应点 第二段：His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. 他的老师Thomas Hall发现了他在化学方面的天赋与热忱，鼓励其参加皇家学院著名科学家Michael Faraday的一系列讲座。
从这句话很容易看出，Thomas Hall是文中提到的第一个发现Perkin化学天赋的人，尽管文中没有用到the first person这样的确切说法，但是看完第二段就不难发现，这点的确是对的。 因此，题中的说法与文中的事实相反。
答案: FALSE
参考译文: Michael Faraday建议Perkin去上皇家化学学院
定位词: Michael Faraday, Royal College of Chemistry
文中对应点 第二段：Those speeches fired the young chemist's enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15. Faraday的讲座进一步激发了这位年轻化学家的热情，在1853年，15岁的Perkin成功进入皇家化学学院学习。
这句话仅仅告诉我们，Perkin是在听了Faraday的讲座后，对化学的激情更加澎湃，进而考上了皇家化学学院，而并没有提到Faraday与Perkin进行直接接触或沟通，所以题目是对文章中出现的人和事的过分解读。
答案: NOT GIVEN
参考译文： Perkin雇用了August Wilhelm Hofmann当他的助手。
定位词： August Wilhelm Hofmann
文中对应点 第三段：At the time of Perkin's enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin's scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann's attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann's youngest assistant. 在Perkin入学时，皇家化学学院的院长正是著名的德国化学家August Wilhelm Hofmann。Perkin的科学天赋很快引起了Hofmann的注意，不到两年他就成了Hofmann最年轻的助理。
从这两句话中可以清晰地看出Perkin和Hofmann之间的关系，前者是后者最年轻的助理,题目的说法和文中的陈述是直接抵触的。
答案：FALSE
参考译文：Perkin年纪轻轻就作出了令他名利双收的发现。
定位词：rich and famous
文中对应点 第三段：Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.不久之后，Perkin就取得了一项能为他带来名誉和财富的科学突破。
这里的“不久之后”，指的是Perkin成为Hofmann最年轻的助手之后，而成为助手是Perkin人学两年后的事情，第二段最后专门提到Perkin人学时只有15岁，所以可以推测出Perkin作出这项发现时也就十八九岁。经过这样的推断可知，题目的说法完全可以成立。
答案：TRUE
参考译文：出产奎宁的树木只能生长在南美洲。
定位词：quinine, South America
文中对应点 第四段: At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America…当时，奎宁是唯一可以治疗疟疾的药物。这种药物是从原产自南美洲的金鸡纳树的树皮中提炼出来的……
如果考生误把第一句中的only和第二句话结合，就很容易得出和题目一样的错误结论。其实出题人的意图是说，当时只有奎宁可以治疗疟疾；而奎宁是从金鸡纳树的树皮里提炼出来的，金鸡纳树原产自南美洲。注意，这里出题人并没有说金鸡纳树只有南美洲才有。文中的说法不足以让考生得出如题目那样的结论。
TIPS：only一般是该题选FALSE的标志词，但是考生一定要注意only前后有没有人名和大写，如果有，则only失效。
答案：NOT GIVEN
参考译文：Perkin期望从煤焦油废料产品中生产出药品来。
定位词：a coal tar waste product
文中对应点 第五段：He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Perkin试图利用苯胺这种廉价又易得的煤焦油废料来制造奎宁。这句话很清晰地表明,Perkin的确希望用煤焦油废料产品苯胺来制造一种药物——奎宁。此题难度很低，连动词manufacture都没有进行任何替换。
答案：TRUE
参考译文：Perkin受到著名科学家Louis Pasteur发明的启发。
定位词：Louis Pasteur
文中对应点 第五段：And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur's words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind', Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.正如著名科学家Louis Pasteur所说，“机会总是垂青有准备的人”，Perkin意识到了他的意外发明拥有巨大的潜力。
出题人在这里引用Louis Pasteur的名言来证明Perkin的成功绝非偶然，是他不断发现、不断试验的结果，但并没有提到Perkin是受Louis Pasteur的发明激发才有了自己的发明。本题和第2题在出题方式上有异曲同工之妙，都是让Perkin和名人扯上了关系，而实际上这种关系文中并没有提到。
答案：NOT GIVEN
Questions 8-13
8 Before Perkin's discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?
9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?
10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?
11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?
12 In what country did Perkin's newly invented colour first become fashionable?
13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?
我的答案： 8. 8 9. 9 10. 10 11. 11 12. 12 13. 13
正确答案： 8.rich|the rich|only rich 9.commercial|commercial possibilities 10.mauve was|mauve is|mauve 11.Robert Pullar|Pullar 12.in France|France 13.malaria is|malaria
查看解析
定位词：the colour purple
题干： Before Perkin's discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?
定位词： Before Perkin's discovery、colour purple、associated with、group in society
答案句： 第六段第三句 Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it.
翻译： 事实上，从蜗牛中提取的紫色曾经非常昂贵，以至于在当时的社会中只有富人才能买得起。
解析： 题干问紫色与社会中哪个群体相关。“only the rich could afford it” 对应 “associated with the rich”。注意题目要求 NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS，所以答案是 the rich。
同义替换：
only the rich could afford it → associated with the rich
答案： the rich
题干： What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?
定位词： potential、Perkin immediately understand、new dye
答案句： 第七段最后一句 But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin`s reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.
翻译： 但也许珀金对他发现的所有反应中最引人入胜的是，他几乎立刻意识到这种新染料具有商业可能性。
解析： 题干问珀金立即理解的 potential 是什么。“commercial possibilities” 就是答案。题目要求 NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS，所以是 commercial possibilities。
同义替换：
nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities → immediately understand that his new dye had commercial possibilities
答案： commercial possibilities
题干： What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?
定位词： name finally used、first colour Perkin invented
答案句： 第八段第一句 Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet).
翻译： 珀金最初把他的染料命名为泰尔紫，但后来它通常被称为 mauve（来自法语中用来制造紫罗兰色的植物的名称）。
解析： 题干问最终使用的名称。“later became commonly known as mauve” 对应 “name finally used”。答案是 mauve。
同义替换：
later became commonly known as mauve → name finally used was mauve
答案： mauve
题干： What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?
定位词： name of the person、Perkin consulted、before setting up his own dye works
答案句： 第八段第二句 He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low.
翻译： 他向苏格兰染料厂主罗伯特·普拉征求意见，普拉向他保证，如果颜色不褪色且成本相对较低，那么生产这种染料是非常值得的。
解析： 题干问珀金咨询的人的名字。“asked advice of … Robert Pullar” 对应 “consulted Robert Pullar”。答案是 Robert Pullar。
同义替换：
asked advice of Robert Pullar → consulted Robert Pullar
答案： Robert Pullar
题干： In what country did Perkin's newly invented colour first become fashionable?
定位词： In what country、Perkin's newly invented colour、first become fashionable
答案句： 第九段第三、四句 The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country.
翻译： 公司从法国皇后欧仁妮那里得到了商业推动，她认为这种新颜色很适合她。很快，mauve 就成了那个国家所有时髦女士必备的颜色。
解析： “in that country” 指代前一句的 France。题干问首先变得时尚的国家，答案是 France。
同义替换：
in that country (France) → in France
mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country → the colour first became fashionable in France
答案： France
题干： According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?
定位词： which disease、now being targeted、researchers using synthetic dyes
答案句： 最后一段最后一句 And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.
翻译： 而且，在尤其会让珀金感到欣慰的是，它们目前被用于寻找对抗疟疾的疫苗。
解析： “their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria” 对应 “now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes”。答案是 malaria。
同义替换：
current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria → malaria is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes
答案： malaria
Read the text below and answer questions 14-26.
Is there anybody out there?
The search for Extra-terrestrial intelligence
Questions 14-17
I. Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planets
II. Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations
III. Vast distances to Earth's closest neighbours
IV. Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence
V. Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence
VI. Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life forms
VII. Likelihood of life on other planets
我的答案： 14. 15. 16. 17.
正确答案： 14.IV 15.VII 16.I 17.II
查看解析
定位词：assumptions, underlying
文中对应点：B段首句：In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. B段首句明确表明SETI科学家在搜寻外星人时遵循两个基本原则。Ground相当于题目中的underlying，rules相当于题目中的assumptions，接下来的文字叙述两个原则分别是什么。考生从首句可以很明确地判断出正确答案是iv。个别考生可能会看到second后面句子中的assumption一词，进而看到a life form，就认为答案是vi，这种选择显然是以偏概全的，是不正确的。段意必须能够涵盖一整段内容，而不是某个部分或者某句话的内容。因此本题答案是iv。
定位词：likelihood of, lives, other planets
文中对应点：C段中部：in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using… leads us to estimate that perhaps one in100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. 这一段是无法仅仅从首句就判断答案的，考生需要读举例的内容，甚至读完整段，然后再回味一下，从字里行间中体会出题人的意图。好在这意图还不难体会，出题人不断用guess, estimate, perhaps, might这样的词来印证题干中的likelihood一词。因此答案为vii。
定位词：radio signals, from
文中对应点：D段前两句，特别是第二句：It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves..., and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. 本段是文中首次正式提出搜寻外星生命的方法，radio waves一词不断被重复。Looking for相当于题目中的seeking, radio waves 相当于radio signals，所有剩余headings中只有i和ii谈到了radio signals，从逻辑上推测不可能是i，因为只有先搜寻外星信号，才可能谈到作回应的事情。故此题答案是i。
定位词：appropriate responses
文中对应点：E段首句：There is considerate debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. 本段首句明确提出如果收到了外星文明信号，人类应该如何回应的问题。React相当于题目中的responses。而how暗指appropriate。故答案是ii。
TIPS：当完成一道List of Headings题目后，考生可以将所有已经选出的答案串联起来读一遍，检查是否能够凑成一个完整的意群，如果可以，那么答案一般就是正确的。
Questions 18-20
18 What is the life expectancy of Earth?
19 What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?
20 How many stars are the world's most powerful radio telescopes searching?
我的答案： 18. 18 19. 19 20. 20
正确答案： 18.several billion years 19.radio,radio waves,radio signals 20.1000 stars|1000
查看解析
定位词：life expectancy, Earth
文中定位点：A段中部 Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years. 本题是第一道细节题目，考生据此可推知，本题最可能对应文章第一段。所以应该先去A段寻找Earth。这个词出现在A段的第九行。顺着这个词再向下找到lifetime，显然这个词对应题目中的life expectancy(寿命)一词。此处考生一定要注意，life expectancy一词在雅思阅读文章中曾数次出现，属于必背词汇，一定要掌握。读完该句，发现答案应该是several billion years。
此处有个有 趣的小问题提醒考生注意，极个别考生会无法解释地把several写 成seven，一定要注意这样的笔误。
定位词：What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations
文中定位点：D段首句 An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000MHz travel the greatest distance...
本题定位点很跳跃，与上一题相隔较远。但是如果考生已经先完成了List of Headings题目，就不难发现只有D段是在具体讲外星文明会选择哪种输送信息的方式。题目中问的是SETI科学家在搜寻从外星文明发来的哪一种信号，也就表明答案是个具体的信号形式，考生也就不难猜测答案是radio waves。注意，此处问的是信号的形式，而不是电波频率，因此填1000或者3000MHz是不正确的。
定位词：How many, most powerful radio telescopes
文中定位点：D段后部 The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world's largest radio telescopes, ... This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with…
通过阅读题目，考生发现要寻找的是恒星的数量。只要定位数字，就能迅速找到本题的位置。于是，考生找到1000这个数字，并且能迅速排除下方的1000到3000MHz。从1000这个数字向上看，考生可以看到world's largest radio telescopes，这就与题目中的most powerful radio telescopes有了一致性。故本题答案是1000。
Questions 21-26
21 Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.
22 SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.
23 The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.
24 So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.
25 The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.
26 If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.
我的答案： 21. YES 22. YES 23. YES 24. YES 25. YES 26. YES
正确答案： 21.YES 22.YES 23.NOT GIVEN 24.NO 25.NOT GIVEN 26.NO
查看解析
参考译文：外星文明也许能够帮助人类解决严重的问题。
定位词：Alien civilisations / the human race
文中对应点 A段：It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven't yet discovered.
这些更古老的文明甚至有可能将其在应对生存威胁过程中积累下来的有益经验传授给我们，例如如何应对核战争与全球污染带来的威胁，以及如何应对其他我们尚未发现的潜在威胁。
作为YES/NO/NOT GIVEN类题目的第一道题，本题的定位举足轻重，直接关系到后面题目的位置。根据题干关键字alien civilisation以及List of Headings题目留下的线索，考生最终会发现A段的最后一句话能够对应本题。May be able to help能够对应文中的it is even possible, serious problems对应文中的threats。本题基本上属于同义词替换型的YES题目。
答案：YES
参考译文：SETI科学家正努力搜寻-种与人类有很多相似之处的生命形态
定位词：SETI
文中对应点 B段：Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us. 第二，我们保守地假定我们正在搜寻的生命形式和人类非常相似。本句的定位可以根据顺序原则推出，一般YES/NO/NOT GIVEN类题目都是按照顺序原则来出题的。We在这里指的就是SETI的科学家们，resemble humans指的是is pretty well like us。又是一道只要能顺利定位，就能够通过同义词转换解出来的简单题目。
答案：YES
参考译文：美国人和澳大利亚人在联合研究项目中合作。
定位词：The Americans and Australians
文中对应点 D段：...including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales....American-operated telescope... 本题属于很典型的形散神必散型的NOT GIVEN。文章的D段虽然先提到了澳大利亚的搜寻工作，接着又提到了美国航空航天局负责的美国太空望远镜的搜索工作，但是并没有明确指出在这方面澳大利亚人和美国人有没有cooperate，合作这个概念完全是出题人的杜撰，遇到这种情况，考生往往应该选择NOT GIVEN。
答案：NOT GIVEN
参考译文：迄今为止，SETI科学家已经收到来自数个恒星的点播信号。
定位词：SETI scientists
文中对应点 D段：Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched.
直到现在，在已经搜寻过的几百个恒星中还没有任何发现。
此题定位处位于上一题定位词Australian后方，比较好找。文中明确指出迄今为止，科学家们还一无所获，而不是题目中所说的已经发现了信号。
文中的have not been抵触题目中的have picked up，连时态都没有改变,是一道简单的同义词抵触型的NO。
答案：NO
参考译文：美国国家航空航天局的项目遭到了国会某些成员的批评。
定位词：NASA, Congress
文中对应点 D段：The scale of the search has been increased since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $40 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extraterrestrial life.
1992年，美国国会计划在以后的十年里每年为美国国家航空航天局投资1,000万美元，用于对外星生命进行彻底的搜寻。从那时起，搜寻的规模便开始大幅增加。
文中仅仅说国会通过议案给NASA拨款来对外星人进行彻底的搜寻，并未涉及这个项目有没有遭到某些议员批评一说。出题人从文中的细节生发杜撰。本题属于完全未提及型NOT GIVEN。
答案：NOT GIVEN
参考译文：如果人类收到了来自外太空的信号，应该马上作出回应。
定位词：respond
文中对应点 E段：There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately.
如果我们真的发现了来自外星文明的信号，我们应该如何回应呢?这是-一个备受争议的问题。所有人都认为我们不应该立即作出回应。
文中这句话明确指出了对待外星人信号的态度，那就是不能立即回应，这与题目中提出的马上作出回应完全抵触。Immediately相当于promptly。
答案：NO
Read the text below and answer questions 27-40.
The history of the tortoise
Questions 27-30
27 What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?
28 Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto land?
29 Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?
30 Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?
我的答案： 27. 27 28. 28 29. 29 30. 30
正确答案： 27.plants 28.breathing reproduction|reproduction breathing 29.gills 30.dolphins
查看解析
定位词：before any animals could migrate
文中对应点：第一段：最后一句话 文中有这样的叙述: And we mustn't forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.
这句话指出,如果没有植物率先登陆，其他任何生物向陆地的迁徙都不可能完成。这吻合题目中的before any animals could migrate。故答案应该是plants。
定位词：TWO processes, make big changes, moved onto land
文中对应点：第二段：第一句话 此题难点是对题目的翻译,因为题目中带有定语从句in which，考生需要理清关系。题目问的是：动物要想迁徙到陆地上，必须在哪两个方面作出巨大的改变？此题定位可以根据顺序原则锁定在第二段，而第二段第一句话就提到Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. 这句话中的redesign对应题目中的changes。故答案应该是breathing和reproduction。（并列答案顺序无关紧要）
定位词：physical feature, whales, lack
文中对应点：第二段：中部 先根据题目关键字定位到whale，然后通读whale所在的句子。
Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, ...They do, however, sill breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation.
在这段叙述中，作者最后指出虽然鲸鱼仍呼吸空气，却没有进化出类似于鳃这样的早期海洋生物的器官。所以考生可以得出结论，鲸鱼缺乏的其实就是gills。故答案应该是gills。
定位词：ichthyosaurs, resemble
文中对应点：第三段：后部 首先利用ichthyosaurs找到本题的定位点。Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphin…这句话中的contemporaries是理解重点，指的是“同时代的人，同时代的事物”，这里说明鱼龙年代久远，和恐龙是同时代的动物，但是并不说明鱼龙和恐龙相像（其实也不大可能嘛）。而后半句的look like，就完全呼应题目中的resemble，这才是真正答案所在。故答案应该是dolphins。
Questions 31-33
31 Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.
32 It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete.
33 The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains.
我的答案： 31. TRUE 32. TRUE 33. TRUE
正确答案： 31.NOT GIVEN 32.FALSE 33.TRUE
查看解析
参考译文：乌龟是第一批重新回到海洋的生物。
定位词：Turtles
文中对应点 第二段：Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. 海龟在很早以前就回到了水中，和其他返回水中的脊椎动物一样，它们也需要呼吸空气。
文中在第二段的后半部分第一次提到了乌龟，这就是本题的定位点。考生一定要坚定不移地寻找turtle一词，不要被沿途看到的各种动物词汇所迷惑。文中这句话仅仅告诉考生，很久以前，乌龟就重新返回海洋，但是并没有说明是不是第一批回海洋这个概念。实际上，整篇文章中都没有讨论到关于the first的问题，所以此题属于完全未提及型NOT GIVEN题。
答案：NOT GIVEN
参考译文：如果动物的化石残骸不完整，就无从判断该动物的栖息地了。
定位词：fossilised remains, incomplete
文中对应点 第三段：You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it's obvious. 你可能会问，我们是如何通过动物化石来判断它们是生活在水中还是陆地上的，尤其当我们只找到一些化石碎片的时候。
这个问题的答案很明显,根据顺序原则，可以将本题锁定在第三段。在第三段中寻找fossilised一词，很快找到对应词fossil。接着读到fragments，可以对应题目中的incomplete, on land or in water对应题目中的where an animal lived。但题目中的叙述过于绝对，It is always difficult与文中Sometimes it's obvious明显相抵触。
TTPS：一般带有always/impossible等绝对词的题目都应该是FALSE。
答案：FALSE
参考译文：鱼龙的栖息地可以根据它们的化石残骸来判定。
定位词：ichthyosaurs
文中对应点 第三段：Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. 鱼龙是与恐龙同时代的爬行动物，它有鱼鳍和流线型的身体。鱼龙化石看起来像海豚，它们确实和海豚一样曾经在水中生活。
此题的位置通过ichthyosaurs一词很好确定。文中提到鱼龙的化石看上去像海豚，因此鱼龙肯定生活在海里。这等于举个例子向我们说明只要从鱼龙化石的外表就能够判定它的栖息地，与题目的意思完全吻合。
TIPS：当一个大题中只有三道小题时，一般是一个选TURE，一个选FALSE，一个选NOT GIVEN。
答案：TRUE
Questions 34-39
Step1
71 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined and a total of were taken from the bones of their forelimbs.
Step 2
The data was recorded on a (necessary for comparing the information).
Outcome: Land toroeses were represented by a dense of points towards the top.
Sea turtles were grouped together in the bottom part.
Step 3
The same data was collected from some living species and added to the other results.
Outcome: The points for these species tumed out to be positioned about up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles.
Step 4
Bones of P.quenstedti and P.talampayensis were examined in a similar way and the results added.
Outcome: The position of the points indicateed that both these ancient creatures were .
我的答案： 34. 34 35. 35 36. 36 37. 37 38. 38 39. 39
正确答案： 34.3 measurements|three measurements 35.triangular graph|graph 36.cluster 37.amphibious 38.half way 39.dry-land tortoises
查看解析
定位词：71, a total of
文中对应点：第四段：…obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. 利用数字71，很快就可以将此题定位。但是考生要注意在该句中并没有提到题目中的forelimbs。该词出现于上一段的最后一句，在此句中则以these particular bones来指代，考生要多加注意。如果能够顺利突破这个小障碍，很快就能发现正确答案。正确答案为three measurements。
定位词：data, a
文中对应点：第四段：They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another. 顺着上一题的对应点找下来，可以顺利找到a kind of，这个词组可以等同于题目中的不定冠词a。因此可以初步判定a kind of后面的triangular graph paper可能就是要填写的答案。同时，考生也需要理解plot一词，这个词上一次出现是在Cambridge IELTS 4, Test 2, Reading Passage 3，意思是“用图表表示…"对应题目中的record。题目要求NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS，而triangular graph paper有三个词，只好牺牲最无关紧要的paper。正确答案为(triangular) graph。
定位词：Land tortoises, a dense, points
文中对应点：第四段：All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle… 题目中需要填的词位于短语a dense______of points中，只要定位到陆龟这个词，再顺着向下读到a tight cluster of points即可。这个词组的结构和题目中的词组一模一样，只是将dense和tight做了替换。正确答案为cluster。
定位词：Sea turtles, living, added to
文中对应点：第四段：There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up… 此题的定位可以根据上一题最后一句话中的sea turtles定位到第四段water turtle后面这句话。
从题目考生可以得知从某种物种搜集的数据被添加到了结果中去。Add一词是解题的关键。读完这句话，考生很容易发现被添加的物种是既可以在陆上生活，也可以在水中生存的两栖物种。正确答案为amphibious。
定位词：up the triangle between
文中对应点：第四段：Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the... 此题十分简单，找到两栖物种之后寻找between, between前面的half way，就是本题所要的答案。正确答案为half way。
定位词：P.quenstedti, P.talampayensis, The position of the points, both
文中对应点：第四段: Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises. 用两个专有名词可以顺利找到第四段结尾处。然后利用题目中的The position of the points锁定在Their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. 答案就是之后的那句。正确答案为dry-land tortoises。
Questions 40
40 According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is that
我的答案： 40. A
正确答案： 40. D
查看解析
定位词： the most significant thing, tortoises
题目：作者认为关于乌龟最重要的一件事情是
A它们能够适应极其干燥的环境。
B它们生命的最初形态是某种原始细菌。
C它们与海龟十分相似。
D它们不止一次从海洋迁徙到陆地。
本题显然属于上述三种出题方式中的第三种，直接对应文中最后一段的细节。最后一段首句就表明Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return，含义为“因此很明显，乌龟曾往返于水中和陆地上生存。" 选项A中所说的干燥环境，选项B中所说的原始细菌，以及选项C中提到的海龟，在最后一段中悉数登场，但是没有一个是题目论述的核心。题目的真正意图就是想告诉考生乌龟finally returned yet again to the land as tortoises。
故答案应该选D。
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