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Part 1
Read the text below and answer questions 1-13.
Let’s Go Bats
ABats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark. They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers.
BBats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their prey in the absence of light. Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Deep-sea fish and whales have little or no light by day or by night. Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water. Plenty of other modern animals make their living in conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible.
CGiven the questions of how to manoeuvre in the dark, what solutions might an engineer consider? The first one that might occur to him is to manufacture light, to use a lantern or a searchlight. Fireflies and some fish (usually with the help of bacteria) have the power to manufacture their own light, but the process seems to consume a large amount of energy. Fireflies use their light for attracting mates. This doesn't require a prohibitive amount of energy: a male's tiny pinprick of light can be seen by a female from some distance on a dark night, since her eyes are exposed directly to the light source itself. However, using light to find one's own way around requires vastly more energy, since the eyes have to detect the tiny fraction of the light that bounces off each part of the scene. The light source must therefore be immensely brighter if it is to be used as a headlight to illuminate the path, than if it is to be used as a signal to others. In any event, whether or not the reason is the energy expense, it seems to be the case that, with the possible exception of some weird deep-sea fish, no animal apart from man uses manufactured light to find its way about.
DWhat else might the engineer think of? well, blind humans sometimes seem to have an uncanny sense of obstacles in their path. It has been given the name 'facial vision', because blind people have reported that it feels a bit like the sense of touch, on the face. One report tells of a totally blind boy who could ride his tricycle at good speed round the block near his home, using facial vision. Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face, although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb. The sensation of facial vision, it turns out, really goes in through the ears. Blind people, without even being aware of the fact, are actually using echoes of their own footsteps and of other sounds, to sense the presence of obstacles. Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship. After this technique had been invented, it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines. Both sides in the Second world war relied heavily on these devices, under such codenames as Asdic (British) and Sonar (American), as well as Radar (American) or RDF (British), which uses radio echoes rather than sound echoes.
EThe Sonar and Radar pioneers didn't know it then, but all the world now knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier, and their 'radar' achieves feats of detection and navigation that would strike an engineer dumb with admiration. It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar', since they do not use radio waves. It is sonar. But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar, and much of our scientific understanding of the details of what bats are doing has come from applying radar theory to them. The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term 'echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.Questions 1-5
Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs,A-E.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letterA-Ein boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.NBYou may use any letter more than once.A B C D E 1.examples of wildlife other than bats which do not rely on vision to navigate by 2.how early mammals avoided dying out 3.why bats hunt in the dark 4.how a particular discovery has helped our understanding of bats 5.early military uses of echolocation 我的答案： 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
正确答案： 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.E 5.D
查看解析
1 解析
定位词：wildlife other than bats… do not rely on vision…
B段: Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today.
题目问哪一段举出了除了蝙蝠之外不需要视觉导航的物种的例子，B段中举出了被捕猎的昆虫.深海鱼类,鲸鱼.海豚等物种在鲜有光线或者完全黑暗的环境下是如何生活的例子。比较容易定位。
2 解析
定位词：early mammals avoid dying out
A段:In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because...
ancestors等同于early mammals，survive等同于avoid dying out。
3 解析
定位词：why … hunt in the dark
A段: Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade.
这个对应句理解起来比较晦涩，需要联系上下文。考试中如果一时选不出来，建议暂时放弃。
4 解析
定位词：a particular discovery
E段: ...and much of our scientific understanding of the details of what bats are doing |has come from applying radar theory to them.
这一段意思比较散,需要通读全段才能够准确对应。
5 解析
定位词：early military echolocation
D段: After this technique had been invented, it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines.
Both sides in the Second World War relied heavily on these devices, under such codenames as Asdic ( British) and Sonar (American), as well as Radar( American) or RDF( British ), which uses radio echoes rather than sound echoes.
第二次世界大战可以对应early一词。
Questions 6-9
Complete the summary below.ChooseONE WORD ONLYfrom the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.Blind people report that so-called 'facial vision' is comparable to the sensation of touch on the face. In fact, the sensation is more similar to the way in which pain from a arm or leg might be felt. The ability actually comes from perceiving through the ears. However, even before this was understood, the principle had been applied in the design of instruments which calculated the of the seabed. This was followed by a wartime application in devices for finding .
我的答案： 6. 7. 8. 9.
正确答案： 6.phantom 7.echoes|obstacles 8.depth 9.submarines
查看解析
6 解析
定位词：facial vision /pain/arm or leg
D段…like the referred pain in a phantom limb
通过填空题的小标题"Facial Vision",首先可以把此题迅速定位到文章D段,紧接着可以在D段的第六行寻找到定位关键词referred pain。单词底子较弱的考生可以在pain的后面找到冠词a,这样即使不知道arm和leg是limb的另一种表达，也能够填写正确答案phantom。
7 解析
定位词：perceiving/ears
D段 The sensation of facial vision, it turns out, really goes in through the ears. Blind people, without even being aware of the fact, are actually using echoes of their own footsteps and of other sounds, to sense the presence of obstacles. 此题需要将两句话放在一起理解：面感视觉是通过耳朵传输的。尽管盲人并没有意识到这一点，但现实生活中他们的确在运用自己的步伐以及其他声音的回声来感觉路上障碍物的存在。Perceive一词在雅思学术类阅读考试当中多次出现，是“感知；感觉；察觉”的意思，相当于原文中的sense。
综上分析得出答案echoes或obstacles。
8 解析
定位词：before/Instruments/calculated/
Seabed D段…for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship 此空比较简单。按照解题顺序，找到介词before,接着找到instruments,并很快找到题目中关键词calculated的同义词measure，然后就可以顺利找到正确答案depth。
9 解析
定位词：wartime/finding
D段 After this technique hadbeen invented, it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines.
看到weapons designers可以联想到wartime, detection是探测的意思，与题目中的finding同义,由此可知答案是submarines。这里特别提醒考生,如果不变复数是不得分的。
Questions 10-13
Complete the sentences below.ChooseNO MORE THAN TWO WORDSfrom the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.10 Long before the invention of radar, had resulted in a sophisticated radar-like system in bats.
11 Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because are not used in their navigation system.
12 Radar and sonar are based on similar .
13 The word 'echolocation' was first used by someone working as a .
我的答案： 10. 11. 12. 13.
正确答案： 10.natural selection 11.radio waves|echoes 12.mathematical theories 13.zoologist
查看解析
10 解析
题目：早在雷达发明之前，是什么在蝙蝠身上进化出了复杂的类雷达系统呢?
定位词：radar /result in/ radar like/bats
E段…or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier...sophisticated 一词指“精密的;复杂的”。根据题意，考生需要寻找一个蝙蝠拥有精确定位本领的原因,原因连接词在这里并没有出现，但是perfect一词却可以告诉我们是自然选择使然。所以正确答案是natural selection。
11 解析
题目：说蝙蝠也使用雷达实际上是不正确的，因为在导航的时候它们根本没有使用______。
定位词：not used
E段 It is technically incorrect to talk about bat “radar”, since they do not use radio waves.
not used是关键词,题目中以被动语态的形式出现，文章中则变成主动语态，但因为核心动词use没有改变，所以此题很简单。正确答案是radio waves。
12 解析
题目:雷达和声呐是基于相似的_____。
定位词：radar/sonar/similar
E段 But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar...
先在E段后部找到radar和sonar两个关键词，接着找到similar，空里要填的名词应该就不远了。此处语序有所变动,但是仍然很容易找到答案mathematical theories。因为题于中要求最多用两个词填空，因此前面的underlying就不能填了。
13 解析
题目:第一次使用声呐一词的人的职业是______。
定位词：echolocation/first/someone
E段 The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term“echolocation” to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.
这道题既简单又可爱,简直是来给考生送分的。只要知道coin一词有“发明;创造;杜撰”的意思,就能轻易联想到first used。而根据文章，这个词是由一个叫Donald Griffin的zoologist发明的，由此得出答案。
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Part 2
Read the text below and answer questions 14-26.
MAKING EVERYDROP COUNT
14AThe history of human civilisation is entwined with the history of the ways we have learned to manipulate water resources. As towns gradually expanded, water was brought from increasingly remote sources, leading to sophisticated engineering efforts such as dams and aqueducts. At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.
BDuring the industrial revolution and population explosion of the 19th and 20th centuries, the demand for water rose dramatically. Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental engineering projects designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation and hydropower brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people. Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40 % of the world's food. Nearly one fifth of all the electricity generated worldwide is produced by turbines spun by the power of falling water.15CYet there is a dark side to this picture: despite our progress, half of the world's population still suffers, with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans. As the United Nations report on access to water reiterated in November 2001, more than one billion people lack access to clean drinking water some two and a half billion do not have adequate sanitation services. Preventable water-related diseases kill an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 children every day, and the latest evidence suggests that we are falling behind in efforts to solve these problems.16DThe consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes - often with little warning or compensation - to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20 % of all freshwater fish species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers* are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions.17EAt the outset of the new millennium, however, the way resource planners think about water is beginning to change. The focus is slowly shifting back to the provision of basic human and environmental needs as top priority - ensuring 'some for all,' instead of 'more for some'. Some water experts are now demanding that existing infrastructure be used in smarter ways rather than building new facilities, which is increasingly considered the option of last, not first, resort. This shift in philosophy has not been universally accepted, and it comes with strong opposition from some established water organisations. Nevertheless, it may be the only way to address successfully the pressing problems of providing everyone with clean water to drink, adequate water to grow food and a life free from preventable water-related illness.18FFortunately - and unexpectedly - the demand for water is not rising as rapidly as some predicted. As a result, the pressure to build new water infrastructures has diminished over the past two decades. Although population, industrial output and economic productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed. And in a few parts of the world, demand has actually fallen.19GWhat explains this remarkable turn of events? Two factors: people have figured out how to use water more efficiently, and communities are rethinking their priorities for water use. Throughout the first three-quarters of the 20th century, the quantity of freshwater consumed per person doubled on average; in the USA, water withdrawals increased tenfold while the population quadrupled. But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry. In 1965, for instance, Japan used approximately 13 million gallons* of water to produce $1 million of commercial output; by 1989 this had dropped to 3.5 million gallons (even accounting for inflation) - almost a quadrupling of water productivity. In the USA, water withdrawals have fallen by more than 20 % from their peak in 1980.20HOn the other hand, dams, aqueducts and other kinds of infrastructure will still have to be built, particularly in developing countries where basic human needs have not been met. But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. And even in regions where new projects seem warranted, we must find ways to meet demands with fewer resources, respecting ecological criteria and to a smaller budget.
* underground stores of waterQuestions 14-20
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs,A-H.Choose the correct heading for paragraphsAandC-Hfrom the list of headings below.Write the correct numberi-xiin boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.-
I. Scientists' call for a revision of policy
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II. An explanation for reduced water use
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III. How a global challenge was met
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IV. Irrigation systems fall into disuse
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V. Environmental effects
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VI. The financial cost of recent technological improvements
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VII. The relevance to health
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VIII. Addressing the concern over increasing populations
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IX. A surprising downward trend in demand for water
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X. The need to raise standards
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XI. A description of ancient water supplies
我的答案： 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
正确答案： 14.XI 15.VII 16.V 17.I 18.IX 19.II 20.X
查看解析
14 解析
定位词：ancient
A段倒数第四行出现了the Roman Empire 本段第一句定下了段落的主要内容为古代对水资源的管理，接下来讲了城镇的发展带来的大境和引水集的发展，最后讲述了罗马帝国鼎盛时期的水利系统。因此本段的主题就是古代的供水系统。
15 解析
定位词：health
C段倒数第四段出现sanitation/preventable water-related diseases kill…Preventable water-related diseases kill an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 children every day, and the latest evidence suggests that we are falling behind in efforts to solve these problems.
原文翻译为：每天有1-2万名儿童死于水相关的各种可预防性疾病，面最新证据表明我们解决上述问题的力度还远远不够。虽然不能够在首句就感觉到这一段是在谈健康与水供给之间的关系，但是看了下面的文字,就可感觉到作者在谈健康，特别是sanitation词出现后，基本可以确定客案是vii。
16 解析
定位词：effect
D段从第二句开始的整个段落。D段是一个描述性段落,第一句话就说“我们水资源政策的后果远非仅仅危及人类健康那么简单”，承上启下，显然这一段不是在讲健康了。但同时我们也更加确认C段是在讲健康方面的问题。那么个人健康讲完了,要不要讲一下地球的健康呢?于是考生在这一段找到了freshwater fish…threatened…endangered…degrade…soil quality…reduced…agricultural productivity…等等与环境相关的词语。所以不必读到最后考生应该已经能够看出这道题目的答案是v。
17 解析
定位词：revision,policy
E段第一句 E段首句说: At the outset of the new millennium, however, the way resource planners think about water is beginning to change.
这句话"中的change正好可以与revision相对应。在第四行考生还可以找到Some water experts are now demanding…这就对上了答案中的scientists call for。在下面考生还可以找到this shift in philosophy这一点也可以对应policy。纵观全段, shit, shifting等表示变化的词不断出现，所以最合适的答案就是i。
18 解析
定位词：surprisingly,downward
F段第一句
F段首句说: Fortunately-and unexpectedly-the demand for water is not rising as rapidly as some predicted.F段末句提到：And in a few parts of the world, demand has actually fallen。
这一段的首末句合起来看，正好可以与heading当中的“令人惊奇的下降趋势”相对照，属于很好选择的一题。
19 解析
定位词：Explanation,reduced
G段第一句 What explains this remarkable turn of events?
此句中的turn of events指的就是F段中提到的And in a few parts of the world, demand has actually fallen. 水需求量下降一事。所以答案应该选择ii。如果考生把F段和G段连起来看的话，会发现选项的逻辑连贯性。
ix: a surprising downward trend in demand for water
ii :an explanation for reduced water use
20 解析
定位词：Raise, standard
H段第三行But后面的句子But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past.
这句话中的higher specifications等于选项中的raise standard，也比较容易理解。答案是x。
Questions 21-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, writeYESif the statement agrees with the claims of the writer.NOif the statement contradicts the claims of the writer.NOT GIVENif it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this.21 Water use per person is higher in the industrial world than it was in Ancient Rome.
22 Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems.
23 Modern water systems imitate those of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
24 Industrial growth is increasing the overall demand for water.
25 Modern technologies have led to a reduction in domestic water consumption.
26 In the future, governments should maintain ownership of water infrastructures.
我的答案：
正确答案： 21.NO 22.YES 23.NOT GIVEN 24.NO 25.YES 26.NOT GIVEN
查看解析
21 解析
参考译文： 现代工业社会的人均用水量比古罗马时期要高。
定位词： Ancient Rome
解题关键词：higher
文中对应点 A段: At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.在罗马帝国鼎盛时期，人们修建了9条主要水利系统，其疏水管道和污水管道均以革新的方式铺设，为城区居民提供用水。当时罗马城内居民人均用水量和现今工业社会很多地区的人均用水量相当。关键词是as much as，这个词组与题干中的higher than相抵触，两者明显不符。所以答案为NO。
22 解析
参考译文： 改良后的灌溉系统使我们得以养活越来越多的人口。
定位词： irrigation system/或者按照顺序原则定位在B段
解题关键词：possible
文中对应点 B段:：Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world's food.食品供应能跟得上人口猛增主要是由于人工灌溉系统的增长使得世界粮食产量提高了40%。这是一道模范版的同义词对应型TRUE。TRUE的原则在这里显得很苍白， possible也显得英雄无用武之地。
题中的feeding increasing population在文中对应Food production has kept pace with soaring populations，题中的due primarily to变成文中的mainly because of，而题中的improved irrigation system则成了文中的expansion of artificial irrigation systems。
答案 YES
23 解析
参考译文： 现代人仿造古希腊和古罗马的供水系统。
定位词： ancient Greeks and Romans
解题关键词：imitate
文中对应点 按照顺序原则，此题应该出现在22题之后的段落，即C段。在C段第二行考生可以找到这样一句话：...with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans.世界上有一半的人口享受的供水服务还比不上古希腊和古罗马时期。题干中的古希腊、古罗马终于出现了，但是周围根本没有任何语句表明现代人模仿了他们的水利系统，从上面这句话也完全无法推出这个结论，可见题目是无中生有，属于完全没有提及型的NOT GIVEN。
答案 NOT GIVEN
24 解析
参考译文： 工业增长使水需求量整体上升
定位词：industrial growth
解题关键词：increasing
文中对应点 F段: Although population, industrial output and economic productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed. And in a few parts of the world, demand has actually fallen.尽管在发达国家，人口仍然急剧膨胀，工业和经济依然高速发展，但人们开采地下水和地表水的速度却减缓了下来。在全球某些地区,人们对水资源的需求量甚至下降了。
题目中称工业增长使水需求量整体上升,而文中却说速度放缓，甚至需求量下降，两者显然是抵触的，所以答案是NO。考生可以联想到此前做过的List of Headings第18题，答案恰是a surprising downward trend in demand for water。这就表明F段提到了水需求量上升或者下降的问题，和此题暗合。这样，List of Headings题目的答案暗中辅助了Y/N/NG的解题。
答案 NO
25 解析
参考译文： 现代技术使得国内需水量有所下降。
定位词： modem technologies, domestic或者跟随24题顺序找到G段
解题关键词：reduction
文中对应点 G段: But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry.但自从1980年以来，人均用水量确实是下降了，这主要得益于一系列新技术在家庭及工业节水方面的作用。文中的decreased对应题目中的reduction，都指需水量的下降。这是一道很容易辨别的YES。此处不再赘述。
答案 YES
26 解析
参考译文： 未来，政府仍然应该保持对水利基础设施的所有权。
定位词： government, water infrastructure
解题关键词： should , ownership
文中对应点 在H段当中，考生找到了位于第一行的infrastructure，这可以说是文章与此题的唯一联系。再向下找，就再也找不到任何蛛丝马迹了。有的考生可能会认为此题会杀回马枪，考回前面的段落中去。但是实际上，这种情况在真实考试中十分罕见。
考生应该记住TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 题目解题的两大潜规则：
●一段出一题，按顺序出题
●每题考查一到两句话，至多一段话
答案 NOT GIVEN
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Part 3
Read the text below and answer questions 27-40.
EDUCATING PSYCHE
AEducating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning. One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.
BLozanov's instructional technique is based on the evidence that the connections made in the brain through unconscious processing (which he calls non-specific mental reactivity) are more durable than those made through conscious processing. Besides the laboratory evidence for this, we know from our experience that we often remember what we have perceived peripherally, long after we have forgotten what we set out to learn. If we think of a book we studied months or years ago, we will find it easier to recall peripheral details - the colour, the binding, the typeface, the table at the library where we sat while studying it - than the content on which we were concentrating. If we think of a lecture we listened to with great concentration, we will recall the lecturer's appearance and mannerisms, our place in the auditorium, the failure of the air-conditioning, much more easily than the ideas we went to learn. Even if these peripheral details are a bit elusive, they come back readily in hypnosis or when we relive the event imaginatively, as in psychodrama. The details of the content of the lecture, on the other hand, seem to have gone forever.
CThis phenomenon can be partly attributed to the common counterproductive approach to study (making extreme efforts to memorise, tensing muscles, inducing fatigue), but it also simply reflects the way the brain functions. Lozanov therefore made indirect instruction (suggestion) central to his teaching system. In suggestopedia, as he called his method, consciousness is shifted away from the curriculum to focus on something peripheral. The curriculum then becomes peripheral and is dealt with by the reserve capacity of the brain.
DThe suggestopedic approach to foreign language learning provides a good illustration. In its most recent variant (1980), it consists of the reading of vocabulary and text while the class is listening to music. The first session is in two parts. In the first part, the music isclassical (Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms) and the teacher reads the text slowly and solemnly, with attention to the dynamics of the music. The students follow the text in their books. This is followed by several minutes of silence. In the second part, they listen to baroque music (Bach, Corelli, Handel) while the teacher reads the text in a normal speaking voice. During this time they have their books closed. During the whole of this session, their attention is passive; they listen to the music but make no attempt to learn the material.
EBeforehand, the students have been carefully prepared for the language learning experience. Through meeting with the staff and satisfied students they develop the expectation that learning will be easy and pleasant and that they will successfully learn several hundred words of the foreign language during the class. In a preliminary talk, the teacher introduces them to the material to be covered, but does not 'teach' it. Likewise, the students are instructed not to try to learn it during this introduction.
FSome hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are stimulated to recall the material presented. Once again the approach is indirect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatisations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching. What is distinctive in the suggestopedic method is that they are devoted entirely to assisting recall. The 'learning' of the material is assumed to be automatic and effortless, accomplished while listening to music. The teacher's task is to assist the students to apply what they have learned paraconsciously, and in doing so to make it easily accessible to consciousness. Another difference from conventional teaching is the evidence that students can regularly learn 1000 new words of a foreign language during a suggestopedic session, as well as grammar and idiom.
GLozanov experimented with teaching by direct suggestion during sleep, hypnosis and trance states, but found such procedures unnecessary. Hypnosis, yoga, Silva mind-control, religious ceremonies and faith healing are all associated with successful suggestion, but none of their techniques seem to be essential to it. Such rituals may be seen as placebos. Lozanov acknowledges that the ritual surrounding suggestion in his own system is also a placebo, but maintains that without such a placebo people are unable or afraid to tap the reserve capacity of their brains. Like any placebo, it must be dispensed with authority to be effective. Just as a doctor calls on the full power of autocratic suggestion by insisting that the patient take precisely this white capsule precisely three times a day before meals, Lozanov is categoric in insisting that the suggestopedic session be conducted exactly in the manner designated, by trained and accredited suggestopedic teachers.
HWhile suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates. We can, perhaps, attribute mediocre results to an inadequate placebo effect. The students have not developed the appropriate mind set. They are often not motivated to learn through this method. They do not have enough 'faith'. They do not see it as 'real teaching', especially as it does not seem to involve the 'work' they have learned to believe is essential to learning.Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letterA, B, CorD.Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 The book Educating Psyche is mainly concerned with
28 Lozanov's theory claims that, when we try to remember things,
29 In this passage, the author uses the examples of a book and a lecture to illustrate that
30 Lozanov claims that teachers should train students to
我的答案：
正确答案： 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C
查看解析
27 解析
定位词：斜体的Educating Psyche
题目翻译: Educating Psyche一书主要是关于：
A暗示在学习中的影响力
B以情感为基础的特殊学习方法
C情感对想象力及潜意识的影响
D非传统学习方法
对应第一段Educating psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion , imagination and the unconscious on learning.
作者开篇就揭示了本书的主要内容，是关于激进的新型教学法的。题F中的mainly concern等同于文中的look at; radical new两个形容词等同于D选项中的not traditional，因此可以判定正确答案是D。个别同学会被C困扰，因为貌似emotion, imagination, unconscious这样的词在文中第一段也出现了，仔细辨别the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning这句话，就会发现它说的是情感、想象力和潜意识对学习的影响，面不是C答案中情感对想象力及潜意识的影响，这是典型的混淆项。
TIPS：如果纵观四个选项，会发现D比其他三个选项都具概括性。单项选择题的解题技巧之一就是概括的选项一般是正确答案，过于具体的选项往往不是正确答案。
28 解析
定位词：Lozanov's theory/也可以根据上一题按照顺序定位到第二段
题目翻译: Lozano的理论认为当我们努力要记起什么事情的时候:
A最容易回想起无关紧要的细节
B聚精会神就会记得牢
C最容易回想起最重要的事实
D周边信息不重要
对应第二段 Besides the laboratory evidence for this, we know from our experience that we often remember what we have perceive peripherally, long after we have forgotten what we set out to learn.
这句之后，作者马上举出两个例子：读书和听演讲，我们没有记住书的内容，也没记住演讲的主题，却能够轻易回忆起书的颜色、装订、字体以及演讲者的容貌举止，甚至是礼堂里坏掉的空调，这些小细节与主题相比微不足道。作者所举的例子形象地说明了题干中所说的“当我们努力要记起什么的时候，我们记住的往往是些无关紧要的细节”，所以正确答案是A。
这一题要求考生通读全段，但是因为段落中多是描述语句，相对好理解一些。选项B被文章中than the content on which we were concentrating否定掉了，选项C则被演讲例子中的the details of the content of the lecture，on the other hand，seem to have gone forever否定掉了。至于选项D则是对文中even if these peripheral details are a bit elusive的曲解，可以直接排除。
29 解析
定位词：book/lecture
题目翻译：本文中，作者引用了一本书和一次演讲的例子来说明：
A两者对集中注意力的培养都十分重要
B他关于教学方法的理论是有充分根据的
C读是比听更好的学习方法
D在催眠状态下我们更容易记住事情
文中对应第二段。首先，考生可以将C排除，因为文章并未涉及这个选项的内容。D选项所提到的催眠在第二段根本未被提及，也可以直接排除。A和B两项中，A与文中所述内容不符，文中是用两个例子来说明当我们记忆的时候，记住的往往是无关紧要的细节，而不是用来说明书和演讲对于促进注意力集中的重要性。因此B是正确答案，文中所举的两个例子相当于论据，用来证明他关于教学方法的理论是有充分根据的。
30 解析
定位词：Lozanov/或按照顺序原则定位在第三段
题目翻译：Lozanov认为教师应该训练学生去：
A记住课程的细节
B开发自己的间接教学模式
C思考课程以外的内容
D避免过度用脑
对应点：第三段In suggestopedia, as he called his method, consciousness is shifted away from the curriculum to focus on something peripheral.
选顶C中something other than the curriculum content刚好可以和上句中的shifted away from the curriculum to focus on something peripheral相对应。即使考生根本不认识peripheral一词，也可以从shift away这个词组猜测出来重点被从curriculum上转移到别的东西上去了，然后可以推出正确答案是C。
原文第三段中出现了the reserve capacity of the brain,此时考生很容易误选D,因为选项D中也出现了capacity brain这两个词，但原文表达的意思是“由大脑的储备功能来处理课程”，同D项内容完全不同，故排除。
选项B比较不切实际，一个学生不可能会开发自己的教学模式。这一点在第三段中也完全没提到。
选项A中的details一词在第三段中也完全没有出现，因此也比较好排除。
Questions 31-36
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet, writeTRUEif the statement agrees with the information given in the text.FALSEif the statement contradicts the information.NOT GIVENif there is no information on this.31 In the example of suggestopedic teaching in the fourth paragraph, the only variable that changes is the music.
32 Prior to the suggestopedia class, students are made aware that the language experience will be demanding.
33 In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.
34 As an indirect benefit, students notice improvements in their memory.
35 Teachers say they prefer suggestopedia to traditional approaches to language teaching.
36 Students in a suggestopedia class retain more new vocabulary than those in ordinary classes.
我的答案：
正确答案： 31.FALSE 32.FALSE 33.TRUE 34.NOT GIVEN 35.NOT GIVEN 36.TRUE
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31 解析
参考译文： 在第四段中所提及的暗示教学法例证中，音乐是唯一变化的元素。
定位词： in the fourth paragraph
文中对应点 通常情况下，如果选项中出现过于绝对的词，如only，never或all的时候，那么这个选项往往是错误的。本题中出现了only一词，这可以作为一个解题依据。
在解题时，不要被题干中variable(变量)一词吓到，只要盯准only和music就可以了。回文中第四段，通过阅读整段中提到的教学的两个阶段：音乐从第一阶段的古典音乐到了第二阶段的巴洛克式音乐，老师也从第一阶段的“用缓慢且庄严的语调朗读课文”变成了第二阶段的“用正常声调朗读课文”。这就证明改变的不仅仅是音乐，还有老师的朗读方法。The teacher reads the text slowly and solemnly, with attention to the dynamics of the music. ...in the second part…while the teacher reads the text in a normal speaking voice.
答案 FALSE
32 解析
参考译文： 暗示教学法课程开始之前，学生就被提醒语言学习将会是费力的。
定位词： prior to/也可以根据上一题按顺序法定位在第五段
文中对应点 首先，考生使用prior to一词与beforehand对照，定位到文章第五段。接着可以找到文中原句: through meeting with the staff and satisfied students, they develop the expectation that learning will be easy and pleasant and... 这句话表明通过与老师以及对这种语言学习方式感到满意的学生的交流，他们形成了一种期待：那就是接下来的学习将是简单轻松的。原文中的easy and pleasant与题目中的demanding互相矛盾,由此可知答案应为FALSE。
此题解题关键还是在于词汇: demanding 一词英文的解释是effort-intensive: requiring a lot of time, attention, energy, or resources。
同义词有: difficult/hard/challenging/tough/severe/serious/arduous/stressful/taxing/exacting
反义词是easy
答案 FALSE
33 解析
参考译文： 跟进课程使用了与传统课程相似的教学方法。
定位词： follow-up/也可以根据上一题顺序定位在第六段
对于想使用并不存在比较关系法解题的考生来讲，这道题目无疑会滑铁卢。尽管题干中带着similar，但是最终答案却是TRUE。第五段中有这样一句话：Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.这些方式在语言教学中十分寻常。言外之意，暗示教学法跟进课程中所用的教学方法比如games或者improvised dramatisation，在普通教学中也被用到，推测一下，即为跟进课程使用了与传统课堂相似的教学方法。俗话说，凡事无绝对，解题技巧更是如此。其实，如果按照常规方法解题，按照文章语流找下去的话，不难找到此题答案。所以，在有时间有精力的情况下，还是建议考生按照常规方法解题。只有在时间十分急迫，而所剩的T/F/NG题目又实在过多的情况下，才可以采用猜测法。
TIPS: Similar / other / another / second / next等词一般是该题选NG的标志
答案 TRUE
34 解析
参考译文： 作为间接益处,学生注意到他们的记忆力提高了。
定位词： 按照顺序原则，此题在文中的对应内容应该紧随33题所对应内容。
文中对应点 按照顺序原则，从33题所在句子往后找，有的考生可能会找到这句话: Another difference from conventional teaching is the evidence that students can regularly learn 1000 new words of foreign language during a suggestopedic session, as well as grammar and idiom. (与传统教学模式不同的是，在间接暗示方法下，学生通常可以轻易记住1000个生词以及语法点和成语。)
有的同学看到这句话，认为这就表明学生的记忆力提高了，其实这是典型的偷换概念：作者仅仅是说采用暗示方法的学生记住了1000个单词，这高于传统教学方法的成果，但是并没有说记住1000个单词，就代表他们的记忆能力有了所谓的提高,从文中给出的证据，我们是无法推知这个结论的。因此答案是NOT GIVEN。
答案 NOT GIVEN
35 解析
参考译文： 教师们说较之传统教学方法，他们更喜欢暗示教学法。
定位词： teachers
文中对应点 这是个典型的不存在比较关系的NOT GIVEN题。文中提到了suggestopedia及conventional teaching，但主要讲了两者的区别与联系，并未表明教师对两者的偏好，因此答案为NOT GIVEN。
如果按照传统方法回文中寻找此题定位词的话，考生基本会读到最后一段,这样既耽误时间也无益于解题，建议这道题目先暂时放弃,转回头再来完成。
答案 NOT GIVEN
36 解析
参考译文： 暗示教学班的学生记住了比普通班学生更多的新单词。
定位词： new vocabulary
文中对应点 在文章第六段的跟进课程中有这样一句话:Another difference from conventional teaching is the evidence that students can regularly learn 1000 new words of a foreign language during a suggestopedic session, as well as grammar and idiom. (与传统教学模式的另外一点不同就是在间接暗示方法下，学生通常可以轻易记住1000个生词以及语法点和成语。)
conventional teaching等同于题目中的ordinary class，difference一词就暗示了暗示教学法比传统教学方法的进步,而后面强调学生在暗示方法下可以记住多达1000个新词，显然比在传统教学方法下记忆的更多。因此答案是TRUE。
答案 TRUE
Questions 37-40
Complete the summary using the list of words,A-Kbelow.Write the correct letterA-Kin boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.-
A. spectacular
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B. teaching
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C. lesson
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D. authoritarian
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E. unpopular
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F. ritual
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G. unspectacular
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H. placebo
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I. involved
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J. appropriate
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K. well known
Suggestopedia uses a less direct method of suggestion than other techniques such as hypnosis. However, Lozanov admits that a certain amount of 37 is necessary in order to convince students, even if this is just a 38. Furthermore, if the method is to succeed, teachers must follow a set procedure. Although Lozanov's method has become quite 39 the results of most other teachers using this method have been 40 .
我的答案： 37. 38. 39. 40.
正确答案： 37.F 38.H 39.K 40.G
查看解析
37 解析
定位词：hypnosis/however/a certain amount/convince/a
Lozanov acknowledges that the ritual surrounding suggestion in his own system is also a placebo, but maintain without such a placebo, … 这两个空位于题目同一句话当中，因此应该被作为整体来看待，而且考生要预见到出题人有可能会将两者顺序调换。两个空都要求填名词，而刚才名词组里一共有四个词：teaching，lesson，ritual和placebo。teaching很有可能被个别同学认为是动词而出局，那么歪打正着，名词组里就只剩下三个词了：lesson，ritual和placebo。lesson这个词放在37和38任何一个空在意思上都显得别扭，包围圈逐渐缩小到ritual和placebo身上，现在要决定的就是顺序了。
题干说：与其他如催眠那样的方法相比，暗示教学法使用了一种不那么直接的暗示方法。然而，Lonazov承认为了说服学生，一定量的 37 还是必要的，尽管 37 只是一种 38 。
从Lozanov acknowledges向后寻找，很快找到a这个冠词，后面就是38空要填的词H placebo，返回头寻找曾经出现在词库里的名词，考生就得到了F ritual。尽管两个词都不太认识，此题仍可以猜测出来。
38 解析
定位词：hypnosis/however/a certain amount/convince/a
Lozanov acknowledges that the ritual surrounding suggestion in his own system is also a placebo, but maintain without such a placebo, … 这两个空位于题目同一句话当中，因此应该被作为整体来看待，而且考生要预见到出题人有可能会将两者顺序调换。两个空都要求填名词，而刚才名词组里一共有四个词：teaching，lesson，ritual和placebo。teaching很有可能被个别同学认为是动词而出局，那么歪打正着，名词组里就只剩下三个词了：lesson，ritual和placebo。lesson这个词放在37和38任何一个空在意思上都显得别扭，包围圈逐渐缩小到ritual和placebo身上，现在要决定的就是顺序了。
题干说：与其他如催眠那样的方法相比，暗示教学法使用了一种不那么直接的暗示方法。然而，Lonazov承认为了说服学生，一定量的 37 还是必要的，尽管 37 只是一种 38 。
从Lozanov acknowledges向后寻找，很快找到a这个冠词，后面就是38空要填的词H placebo，返回头寻找曾经出现在词库里的名词，考生就得到了F ritual。尽管两个词都不太认识，此题仍可以猜测出来。
39 解析
定位词：follow a set procedure/although/most other teacher
While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and hisassociates. 首先，要确定这两个空要填的都是形容词，而且两个空里还必须有个空填A和G当中的某一个，这些条件就使得脱离或者半脱离文章填空成为可能。题目中的句子翻译为:
再者，如果暗示教学法要取得成功，教师就必须遵循一套教学流程。尽管Lozanov的方法已经变得很 39 ， 然而大多数其他教师的使用结果都是_40 。 根据上述翻译，39和40应该填上一对反义词，根据文章，L的方法是spectacular的，那么教师的结果应该与之相反，因此40空应该填G unspectacular。那么39空应该填什么呢?有的考生可能觉得为什么不可以填spectacular。这是因为文章中说暗示教学法gained some notoriety。notoriety是此题关键，本来此词是臭名昭著的意思，但在这里贬义褒用，取著名之意。那么K well known显然就比spectacular更合适了，故39题应该选K。
40 解析
定位词：follow a set procedure/although/most other teacher
While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and hisassociates. 首先，要确定这两个空要填的都是形容词，而且两个空里还必须有个空填A和G当中的某一个，这些条件就使得脱离或者半脱离文章填空成为可能。题目中的句子翻译为:
再者，如果暗示教学法要取得成功，教师就必须遵循一套教学流程。尽管Lozanov的方法已经变得很 39 ， 然而大多数其他教师的使用结果都是_40 。 根据上述翻译，39和40应该填上一对反义词，根据文章，L的方法是spectacular的，那么教师的结果应该与之相反，因此40空应该填G unspectacular。那么39空应该填什么呢?有的考生可能觉得为什么不可以填spectacular。这是因为文章中说暗示教学法gained some notoriety。notoriety是此题关键，本来此词是臭名昭著的意思，但在这里贬义褒用，取著名之意。那么K well known显然就比spectacular更合适了，故39题应该选K。
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