Part A :

Good day, ladies and gentlemen.

大家好，女士们，先生们。

I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape.

我今天已经被要求跟你谈谈城市景观。

There are two major areas that I'll focus on in my talk: how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate,and how we can better plan our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment for us to live in.

有两个主要的领域，我将专注于我的演讲：植被可以对城市气候产生影响，以及我们如何能够更好地规划我们的城市，通过用树来为我们生活中提供一个更舒适的环境。

Trees can have a significant impact on our cities.

树木能对我们的城市产生重大的影响。

They can make a city, as a whole, a bit less windy or a bit more windy ,if that's what you want.

他们可以让一个城市，作为一个整体，少一点风或多一点的风，如果那是你想要的。

They can make it a bit cooler if it's a hot summer day in an Australian city,or they can make it a bit more humid if it's a dry inland city.

如果是在澳大利亚的城市，它们可以让炎热的夏天凉一点：如果是干燥的内陆城市，也可以使它更潮湿。

On the local scale - that is,in particular areas within the city - trees can make the local area more shady, cooler, more humid and much less windy.

在当地的规模，特别是区域内的城市，树木能使当地更阴凉，凉爽，潮湿和少风。

In fact trees and plantings of various kinds can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous in particular areas.

事实上，在特定的地区，树木和种植各种可以用来使城市街道不那么危险。

How do trees do all that, you ask?

你要问的是怎么做的?

Well, the main difference between a tree and a building is a tree has got an internal mechanism to keep the temperature regulated.

一棵树和一个建筑之间的主要区别是一棵树有一个内部机制来保持温度调节。

It evaporates water through its leaves.

它通过其叶蒸发水份

And that means the temperature of the leaves is never very far from our own body temperature.

这意味着叶片的温度是永远不会和我们自己的体温差很远

The temperature of a building surface on a hot sunny day can easily be 20 degrees more than our temperature.

在炎热的阳光灿烂的一天，一个建筑表面的温度可以很容易地超过我们的温度二十度。

Trees, on the other hand, remain cooler than buildings because they sweat.

树，另一方面，比建筑更凉爽，因为他们会出汗。

This means that they can humidify the air and cool it - a property which can be exploited to improve the local climate.

这意味着他们可以加湿空气并冷却它——这种属性可以被利用来改善当地的气候。

Part B :

Trees can also help break the force of winds.

树也能帮助打破风的力量。

The reason that high buildings may keep it windier at ground level is that,as the wind goes higher and higher, it goes faster and faster.

高层建筑风在地面水平更多风的原因是，当风越来越高，它越走越快。

When the wind hits the building, it has to go somewhere.

当风打在建筑物上的时候，它就要去别的地方。

Some of it goes over the top and some goes around the sides of the building, forcing those high level winds down to ground level.

一些去了顶部，一些围绕建筑物的两侧，迫使这些高水平的风下降到地面。

That doesn't happen when you have trees.

有树的时候那不会发生。

Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it preventing those very large strong gusts that you so often find around tall buildings.

树过滤风，大大减少它，防止那些你常常会在高楼大厦周围感受到的非常大的强风

Another problem in built-up areas is the traffic noise is intensified by tall buildings.

建筑区的另一个问题是，高层建筑的交通噪声加剧。

By planting a belt of trees at the side of the road,you can make things a little quieter,but much of the vehicle noise still goes through the trees.

在公路边上种植一条树木，你可以使事物变得更安静，但是大部分的车辆噪音仍然通过树。

Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings, although the effect is not as large as people like to think.

树木也可以帮助减少周围环境的噪音，但效果并不像人们想象的那么大

Low-frequency noise, in particular, just goes through the trees as though they aren't there.

尤其是低频噪声，可以穿过树木，就好像他们不存在。

Although trees can significantly improve the local climate, they do however take up a lot of space.

虽然树木能明显改善当地气候，但他们却占用了大量的空间。

There're root systems to consider and branches blocking the windows and so on.

根系是需要考虑的，还有分支会阻挡窗口等

It may therefore be difficult to fit trees into the local landscape.

因此，难以将树木放到当地景观中。

There's not a great deal you can do if you have what we call a street canyon - a whole set of high-rises enclosed in a narrow street.

如果你有什么我们称之为街道峡谷的话，你做到这个就不是什么大问题了——在狭窄的街道上有一整套的高楼围起来。

Trees need water to grow.

树木需要水来生长。

They also need some sunlight to grow and you need room to put them.

他们也需要一些阳光来成长，你需要空间来放它们

If you have the chance of knocking buildings down and replacing them, then suddenly you can start looking at different ways to design the streets and to introduce...

如果你有机会把房屋拆掉并取代它的话，你可以突然开始寻找不同的方式来设计街道并引入……