Part A :

Hi, Joanna, good to meet you.

你好，乔安娜，见到你很高兴．

Now, before we discuss your new research project, I'd like to hear something about the psychology study you did last year for your Master's degree.

现在，在我们讨论你的新研究计划之前，我想听听你去年为了自己的硕士学历做的心理研究．

So how did you choose your subjects for that?

那么，你是如何选择你的受试者的?

Well, I had six subjects, all professional musicians, and all female.

嗯，我有六个受试者，都是专业的音乐家，都是女性．

Three were violinists and there was also a cello player and a pianist and a flute player.

三个是小提琴家，还有一个是大提琴演奏家，一个钢琴家和一个长笛演奏家．

They were all very highly regarded in the music world and they'd done quite extensive tours in different continent,

他们在音乐界都享有极高的声誉，而且在不同的大陆进行过大量巡演，

and quite a few had won prizes and competitions as well.

而且有不少人还赢得过大奖和比赛．

And they were quite young, weren't they?

他们很年轻，不是吗？

Yes, between 25 and 29 - the mean was 27.8.

是的，在25岁到29岁之间--平均数是27．8岁．

I wasn't specifically looking for artists who'd produced recordings,

我并不是特别想寻找那些已经制作唱片的艺术家，

but this is something that's just taken for granted these days, and they all had.

但这其实是被认为理所当然的事，他们全都有．

Right. Now you collected your data through telephone interviews, didn't you?

是的，现在你通过电话采访收集到了数据，是吗？

Yes. I realised if I was going to interview leading musicians it'd only be possible over the phone because they're so busy.

是的，我意识到如果我要去采访的是顶级的音乐家，那就只能通过电话了，因为他们真的很忙．

I recorded them using a telephone recording adaptor.

我用电话录音机记录了他们的声音．

I'd been worried about the quality, but it worked out all right.

我一直在担心质量，但这一切都很好．

I managed at least a 30-minute interview with each subject, sometimes longer.

我设法对每一个受试者进行至少30分钟的采访，有的时间更长．

Did doing it on the phone make it more stressful?

通过电话进行采访会不会更有压力?

I'd thought it might... it was all quite informal though and in fact they seemed very keen to talk.

我想可能……虽然这一切都是非正式的，但事实上，他们似乎非常热衷于交谈．

And I don't think using the phone meant I got less rich data, rather the opposite in fact.

而且我不认为使用电话意味着我缺乏丰富的数据，实际上确是相反．

Interesting. And you were looking at how performers dress for concert performances?

有趣．你再看表演者在演奏时是如何穿着的吗．

That's right. My research investigated the way players see their role as a musician and how this is linked to the type of clothing they decide to wear.

对的．我的研究调查了演奏家自己是怎么看作为一个音乐家这个角色的，这和他们决定穿什么服装类型之间是怎么联系的．

But that focus didn't emerge immediately.

但是这个焦点并没有立即出现．

When I started I was more interested in trying to investigate the impact of what was worn on those listening,

当我开始的时候，我更感兴趣的是，试着去调查在听这些作品的时候对穿着的影响，

and also whether someone like a violinist might adopt a different style of clothing from, say, someone playing the flute or the trumpet.

些人比如说小提琴家是否会采用不同的穿衣风格，比起那些演奏长笛和小号的．

It's interesting that the choice of dress is up to the individual, isn't it?

这很有趣，穿衣风格是取决于个人的，是不是?

Yes, you'd expect there to be rules about it in orchestras, but that's quite rare.

是的，你会希望在管弦乐队里有穿衣规则，但这是非常罕见的．

Part B :

You only had women performers in your study.

在你的研究中只有女演员．

Was that because male musicians are less worried about fashion?

这是因为男性音乐家们对时尚并不那么关心吗?

I think a lot of the men are very much influenced by fashion, but in social terms the choices they have are more limited...

我认为很多男人都很受时尚的影响，但在社会方面，他们的选择是有限的……

they'd really upset audiences if they strayed away from quite narrow boundaries.

他们偏离相当狭窄的边界，他们就会使观众不满意．

Hmm. Now, popular music has quite different expectations.

嗯，现在，流行音乐有不同的期望．

Did you read Mike Frost's article about the dress of women performers in popular music?

你看了Mike Frost那篇关于女性表演者在流行音乐表演中的穿着吗？

No.

没有.

He points out that a lot of female singers and musicians in popular music tend to dress down in performance,

他指出，很多流行音乐的女歌手和女音乐人都倾向于在表演中穿朴素的衣服，

and wear less feminine clothes, like jeans instead of skirts,

穿较少女性化的衣服，像牛仔裤，而不是裙子，

and he suggests this is because otherwise they'd just be discounted as trivial.

他认为这是因为她们这样就不会被认为微不足道．

But you could argue they're just wearing what's practical...

但你可以说他们只是穿的比较实用……

I mean, a pop-music concert is usually a pretty energetic affair.

我是说，一个流行音乐演唱会是非常有活力的．

Yes, he doesn't make thatpoint, but I think you're probably right.

是的，他没有说到这个点，但我想你可能是对的．

I was interested by the effect of the audience at a musical performance when it came to the choice of dress.

我感兴趣的是观众对于在音乐表演时服装的选择的影响．

The subjects I interviewed felt this was really important.

乔安娜：我采访的受试者认为这是非常重要的．

It's all to do with what we understand by performance as a public event.

这和我们如何理解表演作为一个公共事件有关．

They believed the audience had certain expectations and it was up to them as performers to fulfil these expectations, to show a kind of esteem...

他们认为，观众有一定的期望，而这取决于表演者本身是否愿意去满足这些期望，去显示某种敬意……

...they weren't afraid of looking as if they'd made an effort to look good.

……他们不害怕看起来像是他们做出了很多努力去看上去很好．

Mmm. I think in the past the audience would have had those expectations of one another too,

嗯，我认为在过去的观众会有这样那样的期望，

but that's not really the case now, not in the UK anyway.

但现在不真是这样的情况，至少无论如何在英国是不会的．

No.

不．

And I also got interested in what sports scientists are doing too, with regard to clothing.

我也有兴趣看看运动科学家是怎么做的，在服装方面．

Musicians are quite vulnerable physically, aren't they, because the movements they carry out are very intensive and repetitive,

音乐家在身体上是很脆弱的，是吗，因为他们进行的动作是非常密集的和重复的，

so I'd imagine some features of sports clothing could safeguard the players from the potentially dangerous effects of this sort of thing.

所以我可以想象一些运动服装的特点可以保障运动员免受这类事情的潜在危险的影响．

Yes, but musicians don't really consider it.

是的，但音乐家们并不真正考虑它．

They avoid clothing that obviously restricts their movements, but that's as far as they go.

他们避免穿那些显然会限制他们动作的衣服，但这也只能是他们的选择．

Anyway, coming back to your own research, do you have any idea where you're going from here?

无论如何，回到你自己的研究上，你有什么想法打算从这里研究到哪里吗？

I was thinking of doing a study using an audience, including..

我在想做一项研究，使用一种受众，包括……