考满分 | 剑桥雅思在线模考

Part 1

Read the text below and answer questions 1-13.

AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING SUCCESS

AThey play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.

BInside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. 'We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.

CA lot of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of a swimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It's the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.

D'Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? 'His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. 'If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better' This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports.

With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

EUsing data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a 'competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times. 'You design the model to make that time,' says Mason. 'A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.' All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.

FOf course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying - and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the 'altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.

Questions 1-7

Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs,
A-F
.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter
A-F
in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

NB
You may use any letter more than once.

	A	B	C	D	E	F
1.a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
2.an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
3.a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
4.how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
5.how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
6.an overview of the funded support of athletes
7.how performance requirements are calculated before an event

我的答案： 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. A

正确答案： 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.F 5.D 6.A 7.E

查看解析

1 解析

定位词：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports
文中对应B段：...and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports…
题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应，理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。

2 解析

定位词：visual imaging/3D, image
文中对应C段：...show off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. /It collects images from digital cameras…
通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。

3 解析

定位词：a reason for narrowing/can't waste time
文中对应B段： We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete...
需要细读原文，发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间，也就是说要缩小研究的范围。此处不容易找到对应，需要对于句子和题目的准确理解。

TIPS:还可以通过题目中的research activity研究活动和原文中的scientific questions科学问题确认所定位的位置。

4 解析

定位词：AIS ideas reproduce/copying
文中对应F段： Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying…
找到AIS ideas定位到最后一段，题干中的reproduce是复制的意思，之后从文章中发现句子有复制copying，即可以直接定位。

5 解析

定位词：Obstacle, investigated/impact, monitor
D段：…to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run.
题干提到理想成绩的障碍是如何被调查研究的，而读到对应句子之后看到正好是sensors(传感器)对于运动员跑步的impact(影响)进行研究的仪器，而且obstacles和impact对应。

6 解析

定位词：Overview, funded support, finance
A段：...finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women.
finances是解题关键，意思为资助，正好跟题干中funded support表达了相同的义项，直接对应。而且之后一句话提及以上项目所提供的服务和建议，可以确信答案。
TIPS:看到overview就从文章开头和结尾去找。

7 解析

定位词：Calculated before an event, using data, well before a championship
F段：Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship...
首先通过well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到F段，之后发现后面提及的“竞争模型”作用就是计算时间和速率，因此内容对应上calculate，此时可断定答案的位置。

Questions 8-11

Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they

Write the correct letter
A，B
or
C
in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.

A. are currently exclusively used by Australians
B. will be used in the future by Australians
C. are currently used by both Australians and their rivals

8 cameras8

9 sensors9

10 protein tests10

11 altitude tents11

我的答案： 8. 9. 10. 11.

正确答案： 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.C

查看解析

8 解析

答案：A
文中对应C段：...SWAN system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras.
digital cameras是对应词。而前一句已经提到该系统已广泛应用于澳大利亚各项全国赛事之中，而没有提到其他国家，因此可以判断应该只有澳大利亚人在使用。

9 解析

答案：B
文中对应D段：...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes…
找到相同对应词sensor，读其前后的句子，发现有Melbourne，断定是澳大利亚人的发明。之后要特别留心动词develop运用现在进行时，表示正在开发；而且注意之后的定语从句采用了将来时，所以可以断定此发明还没有完成，应该属于将来的成果。因此选择B。

10 解析

答案：A
文中对应D段： ...AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A…/Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been…
非常容易在前面第一句话中找到跟题目protein tests所对应的词语a test…protein。之后细读前后句，发现后面一句话对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运动员，即澳大利亚体育学院的运动员，隶属于澳大利亚，所以应该选择A。

Questions 12-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.

12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?

13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?

我的答案： 12. 12 13. 13

查看解析

12 解析

对应help an athlete plan, produced /prepare the athlete by, developing
Help an athlete plan their performance对应上prepare the athlete by之后，要认真研究题目所问的是what is produced，断定所作答案必定要填一个名词。因此要细读原文发现有单间developing恰与produced相对应，中文意思是“开发"，则答案必定是开发之后的名闻。
TIPS:注意带引号的内容都含有比较重要的信息。正确答案为(a) competition model

13 解析

对应1996 Olympic Games, cyclists, improve
1996 Olympic Games是一个很好的定位词。
定好位后要认真研究题目。分析问句是'By how much...improve'，意思为“提高了多少"，可以判断出答案需要写一个数字。因此仔细阅读相关语句找到sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. 很快就可以找到数字百分之二。
TIPS：注意文章的题目要求是填写一个数字而非一个名词，很多考生因为找到1996而盲目地填上成果的名称"coolant-lined jackets"，实在是遗憾。因此，语法分析是本题解题的关键。正确答案是(by)2 per cent/%

Part 2

Read the text below and answer questions 14-26.

DELIVERING THE GOODS

The vast expansion in international trade owes much to a revolution in the business of moving freight

AInternational trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nation's borders.

BWhat lies behind this explosion in international commerce? The general worldwide decline in trade barriers, such as customs duties and import quotas, is surely one explanation. The economic opening of countries that have traditionally been minor players is another. But one force behind the import-export boom has passed all but unnoticed: the rapidly falling cost of getting goods to market. Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not matter. Goods, once they have been made, are assumed to move instantly and at no cost from place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions. Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.

CAt the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and manufacturing were the two most important sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about 70% of total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40-50% in America, Britain and Japan. International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials, such as wheat, wood and iron ore, or processed commodities, such as meat and steel. But these sorts of products are heavy and bulky and the cost of transporting them relatively high.

DCountries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours. Over time, however, world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight. Today, it is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade, and, thanks to technological advances such as lightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky. As a result, less transportation is required for every dollar's worth of imports or exports.

ETo see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers. Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market. Distance therefore poses no obstacle to the globalisation of the disk-drive industry.

FThis is even more true of the fast-growing information industries. Films and compact discs cost little to transport, even by aeroplane. Computer software can be 'exported' without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product. Businesses can locate based on other considerations, such as the availability of labour, while worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.

GIn many countries deregulation has helped to drive the process along. But, behind the scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly as containerisation and inter-modal transportation has led to swift productivity improvements in cargo-handling. Forty years ago, the process of exporting or importing involved a great many stages of handling, which risked portions of the shipment being damaged or stolen along the way. The invention of the container crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and the adoption of standard container sizes allowed almost any box to be transported on any ship. By 1967, dual-purpose ships, carrying loose cargo in the hold* and containers on the deck, were giving way to all-container vessels that moved thousands of boxes at a time.

HThe shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensely competitive business. But getting the cargo to and from the dock was a different story. National governments, by and large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and railroad tariffs than on charges for ocean freight. This started changing, however, in the mid-1970s, when America began to deregulate its transportation industry. First airlines, then road hauliers and railways, were freed from restrictions on what they could carry, where they could haul it and what price they could charge. Big productivity gains resulted. Between 1985 and 1996, for example, America's freight railways dramatically reduced their employment, trackage, and their fleets of locomotives - while increasing the amount of cargo they hauled. Europe's railways have also shown marked, albeit smaller, productivity improvements.

IIn America the period of huge productivity gains in transportation may be almost over, but in most countries the process still has far to go. State ownership of railways and airlines, regulation of freight rates and toleration of anti-competitive practices, such as cargo-handling monopolies, all keep the cost of shipping unnecessarily high and deter international trade. Bringing these barriers down would help the world's economies grow even closer.

* hold: ship's storage area below deck

Questions 14-17

Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs,
A-I
.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter
A-I
in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I
14.a suggestion for improving trade in the future
15.the effects of the introduction of electronic delivery
16.the similar cost involved in transporting a product from abroad or from a local supplier
17.the weakening relationship between the value of goods and the cost of their delivery

我的答案： 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. A

正确答案： 14.I 15.F 16.E 17.D

查看解析

14 解析

对应点：suggestion, in the future/would help
I段：Bringing these barriers down would help the world's economies grow even closer.
首先看到题干中有明确的时间词"在未来"。根据段意，可以判定应该是文章的最后一段。
之后看题干中的定位词suggestion表示建议，在文章结尾部分的最后一句话，可以清楚地找到它是作者对于提高贸易的一个建议，完全对应。
另外还可以根据语法，suggest当"建议"讲的时候后面的从句应该用虚拟语气，而would help正好符合。综上，答案为I段。

15 解析

对应点：electronic delivery/transmitting… over telephone
F段：…simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one county to another.
题干中提到电子式的传递，很容易跟文章关于信息产业的F段挂钩，之后再细读本段第二句话就可以找到与题干相对应的transmitting… over telephone。因此，答案是F段。

16 解析

对应点：similar cost Abroad, local/ Singapore, domestic
E段：...manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market.
首先必须弄懂题干的意思，题干是说“无论是国际还是国内的，在运输货物环节的相近成本。”也就是说国内的运输和国际的运输成本基本相同，间接表明国际运输成本比较低。而文章中此句话的意思是“即使从新加坡进口磁盘驱动器而不是在国内市场购买，日本或美国得克萨斯州的计算机制造商们也不会面对花费高出很多的运费账单"。可以看出制造商们不用花费很高的运费，正好跟题干相对应。因此应该选择E段。

17 解析

对应点：Weakening relationship, value of goods, cost of delivery/unrelated to
D段：…world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight.
首先可以通过题干判断出描述的问题是商品价值和运输成本的关系，因此根据段落大意，可以先猜测性判断应该和文章第四段对应。
之后细读第四段，发现有很明显的对应。题干的weakening relationship(弱化的关系)，跟文章unrelated to(不相关的)表达同一个意思。因此可以很迅速地找到对应答案。

我的答案： 18. TRUE 19. TRUE 20. TRUE 21. TRUE 22. TRUE

正确答案： 18.TRUE 19.FALSE 20.NOT GIVEN 21.TRUE 22.NOT GIVEN

查看解析

18 解析

参考译文：国家贸易比世界经济增长地快很多。
定位词：International trade，world economy
解题关键字：at a greater rate
文中对应A段：...global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that.
非常明显，twice是题眼，表示trade是global economy的两倍，所以看出国际贸易要比世界经济增长快很多，正好对应上定位词和题干。
答案：TRUE

19 解析

参考译文：廉价劳动力保证了有效的贸易情况。
定位词：Cheap labour
解题关键字：guarantee, effective/but
文中对应B段: Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment… trade may lose its advantages.
此题找到对应段落，正好cheap labour用词一样。之后文章尽管说廉价劳动力使得中国纺织品在美国具有竞争力，但要注意转折词'but'，它使意思发生转变。后面的句子可以看出，如果没有好的、及时的运输，那么贸易也就失去了优势(lose advantages)。因此正好是驳斥了题干中关于廉价劳动力对于贸易的保证关系，因此题干与文章的意思不相符。
答案：FALSE

20 解析

参考译文：日本比法国进口更多的肉类和钢铁
定位词：Japan, France
解题关键字：Imports more meat and steel
文中对应C段：...agriculture and manufacturing were the two most important sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about 70% of total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40-50% in America, Britain and Japan.
题干很明显对于日本和法国的肉类和钢铁的进口量进行比较。文章中C段正好有对应的法国和日本。但文章原义是“农业和制造业几乎曾是各地最重要的两大行业，其比重占德国、意大利和法国总产量的约70%，以及美国.英国和日本总产量的40%～50%。”提到法国比日本多的是农业和制造业的总产量，可文中并没有提及关于肉类和钢铁的进口问题。此题是典型的题不对文，因此应该选择NOT GIVEN。
答案：NOT GIVEN

21 解析

参考译文：大部分国家都继续倾向于和邻国进行贸易。
定位词：trade with nearby nations
解题关键字：most countries
文中对应D段：Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours.译文是“各国仍然将重点放在与邻国的贸易往来上”。
其中geographic neighbours与nearby nations对应，still和continue也对应。句子意思也跟题干意思完全吻合，因此此题应该选择TRUE。
TIPS：特别需要注意，因为此题中含有most这一词语，容易误导考生把题干看成是绝对题型而误选成FALSE。对于一般性题目不应该急于运用技巧。
答案：TRUE

22 解析

参考译文：小的电脑零件在德国生产制造。
定位词：Small computer components
解题关键字：manufactured in Germany
文中对应E段: Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-cast Asia.
首先确定小的电脑零件只能在E和F段来找，而根据E段提供的信息，大部分的电脑配件之一——硬盘都在东南亚生产。而并没有提到电脑零件在德国生产，因此文章中没有提及，既不肯定也不否定在德国生产小的电脑零件。因此答案应该是NOT GIVEN。
答案：NOT GIVEN

Questions 23-26

Complete the summary using the list of words,
A-K
below.

Write the correct letter
A-K
in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

A. tariffs
B. components
C. container ships
D. output
E. employees
F. insurace costs
G. trade
H. freight
I. fares
J. software
K. international standards

Modern cargo-handling methods have had a significant effect on 23 as the business of moving freight around the world becomes increasingly streamlined.

Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import 24 from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier. The introduction of 25 has meant that bulk cargo can be safely and efficiently moved over long distances. While international shipping is now efficient, there is still a need for governments to reduce 26 in order to free up the domestic cargo sector.

我的答案： 23. 24. 25. 26.

正确答案： 23.G 24.B 25.C 26.A

查看解析

23 解析

定位词：significant effect on, business of moving freight, increasingly streamlined
文中对应E段: To see how this influences trade 根据题干译文“现代货物装卸方法的影响"可以判断出答案应该是一个比较抽象的概括性名词。之后找到E段开头句'To see how this influences trade'，可以知道是承接上一段货物类型转变与运输关系的。因此跟business of moving freight becomes increasingly streamlined对应，而且两个词语effect和influence表达相同意义，因此可以选择influences后面的trade（贸易）作为答案。而题干词库中正好有trade一词，可以直接选择答案G。

24 解析

定位词：computers, for instance, overseas, rather than, local
文中对应E段: …in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market. 根据语法，此处要求填写一个名词。而题干附近有一个很明显的关键词'for instance'，典型的举例题，而且根据之前的computers就可以定位在E段，因为E段核心是一个例子。之后就很容易地可以填出应该是电脑的硬盘及divers。但是答案选项里面却没有，只能选择相关的高一级的词汇components。
本题还有一个可以进行定位和判断的定位词，就是通过24题空后面的rather than，继续分析得出其比较两者是overseas和local supplier，根据之前16题对于E段的了解，也可以直接定位到E段。

25 解析

定位词：introduction
文中对应G段：But, behind the scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly as containerization and intermodal transportation has led to swift productivity improvements in cargohanding. 根据空格前面的introduction可以推出需要填写的是一种方法或者科研成果。而根据上下文和题目关系以及定位词找到在G段第二句话中，有cargo-handling与之对应。之后看到斜体字中即为两种方法，集装箱运输和多式联运，那么可以判innovations和introduction相对应。而且答案应该跟container有关，答案应该填写C。

26 解析

定位词：governments
文中对应H段: National governments, by and large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and railroad tariffs than on charges for ocean freight. 用government可以快速定位在H段，而且根据题干中所涉及的domestic cargo sector可以和truck and railroad对应，因此答案就在这句话中。通过分析，题目的空格应该是填写“降低”的宾语。而国家应该降低原文句中的tariffs(关税)。因此答案选择A。

Part 3

Read the text below and answer questions 27-40.
Climate Change and the Inuit

The threat posed by climate change in the Arctic and the problems faced by Canada's Inuit people

AUnusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects - if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what's going on because they consider the Arctic the 'canary in the mine' for global warming - a warning of what's in store for the rest of the world.
27
BFor the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what's happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.
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CThe Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of today's Inuit people.
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DLife for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It's currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory's 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around f7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many people state benefits are their only income.
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EWhile the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people's health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut's 'igloo and email' society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, there's a high incidence of depression.
31
FWith so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as 'lnuit Qaujimajatuqangit', or IQ. 'In the early days scientists ignored us when they came up here to study anything. They just figured these people don't know very much so we won't ask them,' says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. 'But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight.' In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activities.
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GSome scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn't go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we're seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.
Questions 27-32

Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs,
A-G
.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs
B-G
from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number
i-ix
in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

I. The reaction of the Inuit community to climate change

II. Understanding of climate change remains limited

III. Alternative sources of essential supplies

IV. Respect for Inuit opinion grows

V. A healthier choice of food

VI. A difficult landscape

VII. Negative effects on well-being

VIII. Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic

IX. The benefits of an easier existence

我的答案： 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

正确答案： 27.I   28.VI   29.III   30.VII   31.IV   32.II

查看解析

27 解析

段落对应B段：They believe their best hope of survival in their changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science.
B段主要介绍了因纽特人不满足于自己袖手旁观而让外国专家们告知他们北极的现状，他们要把祖先的知识和现代科技进行结合来解决环境变化问题。很明显可以看出，这是对于环境变化的一种反应和对策。因此答案为i。

28 解析

段落对应C段开头：The Canadian Arctic is a vast treeless polar desert that's covered with snow for most of the year.
C段详细地描述了位于加拿大北极圈里面的地貌，而且还提及了因纽特人的祖先顽强地适应了下来并定居在这片土地上。因此逐个分析答案可以看到只有vi符合原段意思。

29 解析

段落对应D段后半部分：关键词：food/clothing/provisions/meat
此段重点描述了过去因纽特人依靠自然提供食物和衣服，而现在则是更加先进的飞机和船运进口必需品，所以可以看出一个转变的过程。纵观题干，不难看出答案是iii，即生活必需品的替化的来源。

30 解析

段落对应E段：...there has certainly been an impact on people's health.
首先E段开头用while，则可判断主题句应该在后半句。意思是这些气候变化会对人们的健康有影响。通过下一句的举例：肥胖，心脏病和糖尿病就可以判断出是一个负面的影响。那么对应题干negative effect，故答案是vii。

31 解析

段落对应F段：… the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic./…in recent years, IQ has had much more credibility and weight.   F段首句提出了因纽特人决定在应对北极环境变化要起关键作用。后面第五行的一句话，说“IQ已经逐渐显示出其可信度和重要性。”因此可以确定与答案iv相对应：对于因纽特人的意见和建议越来越尊重。故答案是iv。

32 解析

段落对应G段：There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses.
通过对于主题句进行分析，前半句提出观点，后半句给予说明。所以，作者本段的观点应该是“我们的环境知识还很匮乏”。gaps in knowledge很容易跟题干ii选项中的understanding limited对应，因此断定答案选择ii。

Questions 33-40

Complete the summary of paragraphs C and D below.
Choose
NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
from paragraphs C and D for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.

If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching and as a means of sustenance.

The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The people were an example of the latter and for them the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on for their food and clothes. produce is particularly expensive.

我的答案： 33. 33   34. 34   35. 35   36. 36   37. 37   38. 38   39. 39   40. 40

正确答案： 33.farming   34.sea mammals|fish   35.sea mammals|fish   36.Thule   37.islands   38.nomadic   39.nature   40.Imported

查看解析

33 解析

定位词：Canadian Arctic
文中对应Farming is out of the question an nature offers meager pickings.
此空格要求填一个名词，因为engage in表示“参与”的意思，后面in应该跟名词。看题目中填空的附近有一个impossible，表示否定。这样带着目的去阅读C段文章，可以找到这句话。根据分析，文章中的out of question和题目中impossible对应，因此可以找到out of question的主语即farming就是我们需要的答案，而且说engage in farming也符合常理和语法规则。

34 解析

题号：34-35
定位词：catching, and
文中对应…surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.
首先看到and并列连词，所以34和35题两个是并列关系，这可以帮助我们找到答案。另外一点是可以判断出34和35题要填写名词，做catching的宾语。这样到文章中去对应可以找到这句话。看到exploiting和catching完全对应，而且后面的两个名词是并列关系，所以可以说轻而易举就找到了正确答案mammals和fish。关键的连词如and等有的时候是解题的突破口。

35 解析

题号：34-35
定位词：catching, and
文中对应…surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.
首先看到and并列连词，所以34和35题两个是并列关系，这可以帮助我们找到答案。另外一点是可以判断出34和35题要填写名词，做catching的宾语。这样到文章中去对应可以找到这句话。看到exploiting和catching完全对应，而且后面的两个名词是并列关系，所以可以说轻而易举就找到了正确答案mammals和fish。关键的连词如and等有的时候是解题的突破口。

36 解析

定位词：Pushed limits
文中对应The environment tested them to the limits / ...one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. / These Thule people moved in from Alaska..
由于空格附近是people，因此可以断定空格处应该填一个形容词。而且这类人是latter的一个example，而且是“后者的一个例子”，所以此题要通读有空格的一句话和空格之前的一句话。可以看出要写的一类人是成功生活在艰难环境中的。找到pushed limits作为定位词，在文章中找到对应句子。但是答案并不在这里，我们需要找到成功的人群。因此继续往下跟踪，看到文章提到了成功的人群，但直到最后才找到本题的正确答案。

37 解析

定位词：Territory of Nunavut / ice/rock
文中对应Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole.
题干很明显的定位词Nunavut可以在文章的D段开头找到。之后文章里面出现了'rock and ice, and a handful of islands'，这样答案很清晰地和题干对应上，因此直接填上islands就可以了。
特别要注意的是，题干空格前面用"a few of" 来修饰，因此后而空格里必须是复数。

38 解析

定位词：In recent years / been obliged to give up / lifestyle
文中对应Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways.
题干中提及被迫放弃什么生活方式，因此要求填一个形容词来修饰生活方式lifestyle。而时间状语in recent years是关键定位词。
继续37题往下读。可以看到一个时间状语over the past 40 years正好跟我们的in recent years对应，而abandon与give up，ways和lifestyle相对应，答案已经找到，即abandon后面的宾语ways的修饰语nomadic。意思为游牧的。

39 解析

定位词：Depend on / food and clothes
文中对应…but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.
题干很短，但已经足够判断出depend on后面需要填写一个名词，即依靠什么东西。而后面的food and clothes是非常好的定位词。很快在文章中就可以找到对应depend on的rely on，而后面又有food and clothes，因此答案可以很清楚地判断出rely on的宾语就是答案，即nature。

40 解析

定位词：expensive
文中对应D段后五句话
通读这五句话，整体把握大意。其中，会看到他们的日用品都需要用costly（昂贵的）航空运输或者在夏天通过补给船运，costly对应expensive。后面就需要概括地去看所有这些必需品都是要进口的，也就是imported（进口），而答案就是imported。此题需要很高的概括性，因此成功率不会很高。不应该过多浪费时间。

考满分 ielts

雅思随机模考

Part 1

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Part 2

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Part 3

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