考满分 | 剑桥雅思在线模考

Part 1

Read the text below and answer questions 1-13.

A Chronicle of Timekeeping

Our conception of time depends on the way we measure it

AAccording to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting. They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet`s revolution around the sun.

BBefore the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social impact. And, for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning was more conspicuous than the passing of the seasons. Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year became more crucial. As the Roman Empire expanded northward, it organised its activity chart for the most part around the solar year.

CCenturies before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days added to approximate the solar year. Each period of ten days was marked by the appearance of special groups of stars called decans. At the rise of the star Sirius just before sunrise, which occurred around the all- important annual flooding of the Nile, 12 decans could be seen spanning the heavens. The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts. These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons. Summer hours were long, winter ones short; only at the spring and autumn equinoxes were the hours of daylight and darkness equal. Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who disseminated them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.

DIn order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials, which indicate time by the length or direction of the sun`s shadow. The sundial`s counterpart, the water clock, was designed to measure temporal hours at night. One of the first water clocks was a basin with a small hole near the bottom through which the water dripped out. The falling water level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface. Although these devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe.

EThe advent of the mechanical clock meant that although it could be adjusted to maintain temporal hours, it was naturally suited to keeping equal ones. With these, however, arose the question of when to begin counting, and so, in the early 14th century, a number of systems evolved. The schemes that divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and `great clock` hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight. Eventually these were superseded by`small clock`, or French, hours, which split the day into two 12- hour periods commencing at midnight.

FThe earliest recorded weight - driven mechanical clock was built in 1283 in Bedfordshire in England. The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. In the early 1400s came the invention of the coiled spring or fusee which maintained constant force to the gear wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing tension of its mainspring. By the 16th century, a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc and thus was not very efficient.

GTo address this, a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670, in England. It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship's anchor. The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount. Unlike the original form used in early pendulum clocks, the anchor escapement permitted the pendulum to travel in a very small arc. Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once a second and thus led to the development of a new floorstanding case design, which became known as the grandfather clock.

HToday, highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most electronic devices. Nearly all computers contain a quartz- crystal clock to regulate their operation. Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock- trading systems and nationwide power- distribution grids. So integral have these time- based technologies become to day- to- day existence that our dependency on them is recognised only when they fail to work.

Questions 1-4

Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs,
A-H
.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter
A-H
in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
1.a description of an early timekeeping invention affected by cold temperatures
2.an explanation of the importance of geography in the development of the calendar in farming communities
3.a description of the origins of the pendulum clock
4.details of the simultaneous efforts of different societies to calculate time using uniform hours

我的答案： 1. 2. 3. 4.

正确答案： 1.D 2.B 3.F 4.E

查看解析

1 解析

参考译文：对于早期受到寒冷气温影响的计时发明的描述。

定位词：early timekeeping invention, cold temperatures
D段。Although these devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe.

全文只有该句中提及寒冷气温。该句含义为“尽管这些装置在地中海地区十分好用，但在多云并常有严寒天气的欧洲北部却不能一直使用。“与题干中描述的内容相符。所以答案为：D。

2 解析

参考译文：对于农业社会中地理学对日历发展的重要性进行的解释。
定位词：geography, development of the calendar, farming communities.
B段。该段一共五句话,从第二句开始每一句话都介绍了一个地理位置的变化对calendar的影响。分别是:
And, for those living near the equator in particular, …
Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes, ...
In more northern climes, however, ...
As the Roman Empire expanded northward, ...所以答案为：B。

3 解析

参考译文：对钟摆起源的描述。
定位词：Pendulum clock, origins
F段。定位词第一次出现在F段，对应句为By the 16th century, a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc and thus was not very efficient.
含义为“到了16世纪，人们发明了摆钟。但由于钟摆摆动弧度很大，因此并不十分有效”。此句中devised意为“发明”，与题干中的origins对应。所以答案为：F。

4 解析

参考译文：关于不同国家为使用统一时间来计时而同时做出努力的。
定位词：simultaneous efforts, different societies, uniform hours
E段。此题需要在文章中扫描大量出现大写字母、国家和地区处，对应E段中The schemes that divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and' great clock' hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight
含义为“人们计划将一天分为24个等份，而这些计划因为计时起点的不同而不同：意大利时间从日落开始算起，巴比伦时间从日出开始；天文学时间从中午开始，而德国一些大型公共时钟使用的‘大钟时间从午夜开始算起”。所以答案为：E。

Questions 5-8

Look at the following events (Questions 5-8) and the list of nationalities below.

Match each event with the correct nationality,
A-F
.

Write the correct letter,
A-F
, in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.

A. Babylonia
B. Egyptians
C. Greeks
D. English
E. Germa
F. French

5 They devised a civil calendar in which the months were equal in length.5

6 They divided the day into two equal halves.6

7 They developed a new cabinet shape for a type of timekeeper.7

8 They created a calendar to organise public events and work schedules.8

我的答案： 5. 6. 7. 8.

正确答案： 5.B 6.F 7.D 8.A

查看解析

5 解析

译文:他们发明了一种月份等长的民用日历。
定位词：civil calendar, months, equal
C段: ..., the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 day...
该句提到埃及人制定了市政日历,规定一年有12个月，每月有30天。所以答案为B。

6 解析

译文:他们将一天均分为两部分。
定位词：day, two equal halves
E段:...or French hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at midnight.
.......即法国时间所取代，它将一天分成两个12小时时段,从午夜开始算起。所以答案为F。

7 解析

译文:他们为一种计时器设计了一个新的柜式外形。
定位词：new cabinet shape
G段: ... and thus led to the development of a new floor standing case design ..此句中的floor standing case design就对应着cabinet shape,且该段第- -行就出现了England 这个代表国家的词汇。所以答案为D。

8 解析

译文:他们创造出了一种日光来安排公共事务和工作日程。
定位词：organise, public, events
A段: ... the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting.
此句中的co-ordinate( 协调)对应题干中的organise ; communal activities对应public events。所以答案为A。

Questions 9-13

Label the diagram below.

Choose
NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.

IELTS、ielts题库、ielts模考、ielts考满分

我的答案： 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

查看解析

9 解析

定位词：escapement, resembling
It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship's anchor.
通过定位词很容易找到文中定位句，此句中的like对应resembling，所以答案为(ship's) anchor / (an/the)anchor。

10 解析

The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel …
按照顺序原则，此空应从第9题定位句处往后看，图中要填的是整个轮的名称，为名词，所以答案为( escape ) wheel。

11 解析

The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel …
此题与第10题同时解出，图中要填的是轮上齿的名称，为名词,所以答案为tooth。

12 解析

定位词：beats, each
Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once a second and…
通过定位词很容易找到文中定位句，图中要填的是beats这个动作的发出者，为名词，所以答案为(long)pendulum。

13 解析

Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once a second and…
此题可与第12题同时解出，此句中的once对应题干中的each，所以答案为second。

Part 2

Read the text below and answer questions 14-26.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL IN THE USA

14
AAn accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the Unite States, which were becoming quite congested. The resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly increased the safety of flight in the United States, and similar air traffic control procedures are also in place over much of the rest of the world.

BRudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well before the Grand Canyon disaster. As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controls manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross-county routes to establish the earliest airways. However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the 1930s, radio communication was coming into use for ATC. The first region to have something approximating today's ATC was New York City, with other major metropolitan areas following soon after.
15
CIn the 1940s, ATC centres could and did take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved radio communication brought about by the Second World War, but the system remained rudimentary. It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America's airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of every fast planes, reducing pilots' margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.
16
DMany people think that ATC consists of a row of controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at the nation's airport, telling arriving and departing traffic what to do. This is a very incomplete part of the picture. The FAA realised that the airspace over the United States would at any time have many different kinds of planes, flying for many different purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the same kind of structure was needed to accommodate all of them.
17
ETo meet this challenge, the following elements were put into effect. First, ATC extends over virtually the entire United States. In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace. In certain areas, mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends down to 215m above the ground and, in the immediate vicinity of an airport, all the way down to the surface. Controlled airspace is that airspace in which FAA regulations apply. Elsewhere, in uncontrolled airspace, pilots are bound by fewer regulations. In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by ATC can easily enter the controlled airspace.
18
FThe FAA then recognised two types of operating environments. In good meteorological conditions, flying would be permitted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety. Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane's instrument panel to fly safely. On a clear day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were devised in a way which accommodates both VFR and IFR operations in the same airspace. However, a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an instrument rating which is above and beyong the basic pilots' license that must also be held.
19
GControlled airspace is divided into several different types, designated by letters of the alphabet. Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F, while controlled airspace below 5,490m above sea level and not in the vicinity of an airport is Class E. All airspace above 5,490m is designated Class A. The reason for the division of Class E and Class A airspace stems from the type of planes operating in them. Generally, Class E airspace is where on finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial turboprop aircraft. Above 5,490 is the realm of the heavy jets, since jet engines operate more efficiently at higher altitudes. The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation. This is because ATC control of the entire space is essential. Three other types of airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of airports. There correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations. For example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C airspace is establish two-way radio contact with ATC. No explicit permission from ATC to enter is needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all regulations governing VFR flight. To enter Class B airspace, such as on approach to a major metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is required. The private pilot who cruises without permission into this airspace risks losing their license.
Questions 14-19

Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs,
A-G
.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs
A
and
C-G
from the list below.
Write the correct number
i-x
in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.

I. Disobeying FAA regulations

II. Aviation disaster prompts action

III. Two coincidental developments

IV. Setting altitude zones

V. An oversimplified view

VI. Controlling pilots' licences

VII. Defining airspace categories

VIII. Setting rules to weather conditions

IX. Taking off safely

X. First steps towards ATC

我的答案： 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

正确答案： 14.II   15.III   16.V   17.IV   18.VIII   19.VII

查看解析

14 解析

定位词：aviation disaster, prompts
G段首句:Controlled airspace is divided into serval different types…
A段共两句话，首句主要介绍了一次事故(an accident) 以及其结果(resulted in)，即建立起FAA来regulate and oversee (管理和监督)越来越拥挤的天空。因此答案为ii。

15 解析

定位词：coincidental, developments
C段前两句 In the 1940s, ATC centres could and did take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved radio communication brought about by the Second World War... It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America's airspace took place, I and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast plans...demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.   C段首句说明了ATC取得的第一个development，即利用了第二次世界大战催生出的新研制的雷达和改进后的无线电通讯技术而建立的不成熟的管制系统。第二句则提到喷气式发动机的产生突然导致大批快速飞机的出现，因此促使美国开始进行全面的空中管制，两个逗号之间的部分指出了这一development的偶然性(fortuitous)，与中的coincidental含义一致。因此答案为iii。

16 解析

定位词：oversimplified
D段一、二句：Many people think that.. This is a very incomplete part of the picture.
D段首句阐述了一个大众观点(many people think...)，接着第二句指出这个观点过于片面。题干中的oversimplified相当于原句中的incomplete。因此答案为v。

17 解析

定位词：altitude zones
E段第二句以及其他关键词：First, ATC extends over virtually the entire United Sates.
E段第二句中提出让航空交通管制几乎遍及整个美国，接着分别讲述了不同高度的空域管制情况(from 365m above the ground and higher, 215m above the ground, below365m…)。因此答案为iv。

18 解析

定位词：weather conditions
F段首句：The FAA then recognised two types of operating environments.
F段首句提出FAA确认了两种飞行环境。接着对这两种环境进行了解释说明，即在气象条件良好的情况下，飞行员可按照目视飞行规则(VFR)飞行；在低能见度的情况下，飞行员则须按照仪表飞行规则(IFR)飞行。因此答案是vii。

19 解析

定位词：airspace categories
G段首句：Controlled airspace is divided into serval different types, …G段首句点出此段主要阐述管制空域的分类(controlled airplace ... different types)。因此答案为vi。

Questions 20-26

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE
if the statement agrees with the information given in the text.
FALSE
if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN
if there is no information on this.

20 The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

21 Air Traffic Control started after the Grand Canyon crash in 1956.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

22 Beacons and flashing lights are still used by ATC today.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

23 Some improvements were made in radio communication during World War II.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

24 Class F airspace is airspace which is below 365m and not near airports.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

25 All aircraft in Class E airspace must use IFR.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

26 A pilot entering Class C airspace is flying over an average-sized city.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

我的答案：

正确答案： 20.FALSE   21.FALSE   22.NOT GIVEN   23.TRUE   24.TRUE   25.FALSE   26.TRUE

查看解析

20 解析

参考译文：FAA是随着喷气式发动机的产生而产生的。
定位词：FAA
A段首句:An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) …
通过定位词可以迅速定位至第一段首句，由该句内容可知，FAA建立(establishment)原因为1956年的accident，与题干原因(jet engine)不一致。故此题答案为FALSE。

21 解析

参考译文：航空交通管制是在1956年的大峡谷空难后开始的。
定位词：Air Traffic Control, Grand Canyon
B段首句:Rudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well before the Grand Canyon disaster.
此题定位没有难度。定位句中的before与解题关键同after明显自相矛盾。故此题答案为FALSE。

22 解析

参考译文：灯标和闪光灯至今仍被ATC使用。
定位词：beacons and flashing lights
B段：...while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross country routes to establish the earliest airways.
此题的定位词在文中原词出现,按照顺序原则可以迅速定位。文中定位处仅指出beacons和flashing lights在当时的使用情况，对于题干中所指的如今的使用状况只字未提。故此题答案为NOT GIVEN。

23 解析

参考译文：在二战期间无线电通讯技术取得了一些进展。
定位词：improvements, radio communication, World War II
C段:...improved radio communication brought about by the Second World War...
此题定位很简单,定位句含义为“第二次世界大战催生出的……改进后的无线电通讯技术”，与题干含义无异。故此题答案为TRUE。

24 解析

参考译文：F级空域为365米以下的区间且离飞机场不近。
定位词：Class F, 365m
G段:Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F...
通过定位词Class F可快速定位至此处,但是只能确定Class F为uncontrolled airspace,通过该短语及365m可继续定位于E段。
E段:In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace. In certain areas, mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends down to215m above the ground…
此句说明从365米往上的区间为controlled airspace,且在大部分near airports的区域, 215米以上的区间都是controlled airspace,因此可以逆推出uncontrolled airspace的情况。故此题答案为TRUE。

25 解析

参考译文：E级空域的所有飞机必须使用仪表飞行规则。
定位词：Class E, IFR
G段:The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, …
此题通过定位词能够迅速定位。定位句的含义为“E级和A级之间的区别在F A级领空中
所有的操作都遵循仪表飞行规则”显然题干信息与定位句内容矛盾。此题还可以按照绝对化词汇all和must来快速判定答案。故此题答案为FALSE。

26 解析

参考译文：进人C级空域的飞行员主要飞越中等规模的城市。
定位词：Class C
G段:Three other types of airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of airports. These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively...
译文:其他三个等级:D级、C级和B级用于管理机场附近的区域。这三个级别大致分别适用于小型城市、中等城市和大型城市的机场......
此题通过定位词能够迅速定位。定位句中的medium-sized与题干中的average-sized属于同义转述。故此题答案为TRUE。
Part 3

Read the text below and answer questions 27-40.
TELEPATHY

Can human beings communicate by thought alone? For more than a century the issue of telepathy has divided the scientific community, and even today is still sparks bitter controversy among top academics.

Since the 1970s, parapsychologists at leading universities and research institutes around the world have risk the derision of sceptical colleagues by putting the various claims for telepathy to the test in dozens of rigorous scientific studies. The results and their implications are dividing even the researchers who uncovered them.

Some researchers say the results constitute compelling evidence that telepathy is genuine. Other parapsychologists believe the field is on the brink of collapse, having tried to produce definitive scientific proof and failed. Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however: that the most impressive evidence so far has come from the so-called 'ganzfeld' experiments, a German term that means 'whole field'. Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to suspect that telepathy might involve 'signals' passing between people that were so faint that they were usually swamped by normal brain activity. In this case, such signals might be more easily detected by those experiencing meditation-like tranquility in a relaxing 'whole field' of light, sound and warmth.

The ganzfeld experiment tries to recreate these conditions with participants sitting in soft reclining chairs in a sealed room, listening to relaxing sounds while their eyes are covered with special filters letting in only pink light. In early ganzfeld experiments, the telepathy test involved identification of a picture chosen from a random selection of four taken from a large image bank. The idea was that a person acting as a 'sender' would attempt to beam the image over to the 'receiver' relaxing in the sealed room. Once the session was over, this person was asked to identify which of the four images had been used. Random guessing would give a hit-rate of 25 per cent; if telepathy is real, however, the hit-rate would be higher. In 1982, the results from the first ganzfeld studies were analysed by one of its pioneers, the American parapsychologist Charles Honorton. They pointed to typical hit-rates of better than 30 per cent – a small effect, but one which statistical tests suggested could not be put down to chance.

The implication was that the ganzfeld method had revealed real evidence for telepathy. But there was a crucial flaw in this argument- one routinely overlooked in more conventional areas of science. Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage'—where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver – to outright fraud. In response, the researchers issued a review of all the ganzfeld studies done up to 1985 to show that 80 per cent had found statistically significant evidence. However, they also agreed that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to positive results, and that drew up a list demanding new standards for future research.

After this, many researchers switched to autoganzfeld tests – an automated variant of the technique which used computers to perform many of the key tasks such as the random selection of images. By minimising human involvement, the idea was to minimise the risk of flawed results. In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a 'meta-analysis', a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies. Though less compelling than before, the outcome was still impressive.

Yet some parapsychologists remain disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual ganzfeld studies. Defenders of telepathy point out that demanding impressive evidence from every study ignores one basic statistical fact: it takes large samples to detect small effects. If, as current results suggest, telepathy produces hit-rates only marginally above the 25 per cent expected by chance, it's unlikely to be detected by a typical ganzfeld study involving around 40 people: the group is just not big enough. Only when many studies are combined in a meta-analysis will the faint signal of telepathy really become apparent. And that is what researchers do seem to be finding.

What they are certainly not finding, however, is any change in attitude of mainstream scientists: most still totally reject the very idea of telepathy. The problem stems at least in part from the lack of any plausible mechanism for telepathy.

Various theories have been put forward, many focusing on esoteric ideas from theoretical physics. They include 'quantum entanglement', in which events affecting one group of atoms instantly affect another group, no matter how far apart they may be. While physicists have demonstrated entanglement with specially prepared atoms, no-one knows if it also exists between atoms making up human minds. Answering such questions would transform parapsychology. This has promoted some researchers to argue that the future lies not in collecting more evidence for telepathy, but in probing possible mechanisms. Some work has begun already, with researchers trying to identify people who are particularly successful in autoganzfeld trials. Early results show that creative and artistic people do much better than average: in one study at the University of Edinburgh, musicians achieved a hit-rate of 56 per cent. Perhaps more tests like these will eventually give the researchers the evidence they are seeking and strengthen the case for the existence of telepathy.
Questions 27-30

Complete each sentence with the correct ending,
A-G
, below.
Write the correct letter,
A-G
, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.

A. the discovery of a mechanism for telepathy.

B. the need to create a suitable environment for telepathy.

C. their claims of a high success rate.

D. a solution to the problem posed by random guessing.

E. the significance of the ganzfeld experiments.

F. a more careful selection of subjects.

G. a need to keep altering conditions.

27 Researchers with differing attitudes towards telepathy agree on27

28 Reports of experiences during meditation indicated28

29 Attitudes to parapsychology would alter drastically with29

30 Recent autoganzfeld trials suggest that success rates will improve with30

我的答案： 27. 28. 29. 30.

正确答案： 27.E   28.B   29.A   30.F

查看解析

27 解析

定位词：researchers with differing attitudes,agree on
第二段第三句:Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however: that the most impressive evidence so far has come from the so-called ‘ganzfeld’ experiments...   此题定位较难，但解题较易。
定位句中sceptics和advocates为持不同态度的研究者(researchers with differing attitudes )，他们都在ganzfeld实验的重要性上达成了共识。原文中的concur on对应题干中的agree on。故正确答案为E。

28 解析

定位词：experiences, meditation
第二段第五句:In this case, such signals might be more easily detected by those experiencing meditation-like tranquility in a relaxing ‘whole field’ of light, sound and warmth.   此题定位较易，为第二段第五句。
含义为:如此说来，这种信号可能更容易被那些沉浸于冥想般宁静中的人检测到。他们所处的“整个领域”有着令人放松的灯光，怡人的声音和温暖的环境。
该句主要指出了环境对于实验的影响。故正确答案为B。

29 解析

定位词：attitudes, parapsychology, alter
第八段第四、五句:Answering such questions would transform parapsychology. This has prompted some researchers to argue that the future lies not in collecting more evidence for telepathy, but in probing possible mechanisms.
此题由关键词和顺序原则可迅速定位，第四句中的transform对应题干中的alter，第五句中才提及研究者们的attitude，即该研究的未来在于探究可能的机制(mechanisms)。故正确答案为A。

30 解析

定位词：autoganzfeld,trials, success
第八段倒数第二、三句:Some work has begun already, with researchers trying to identify people who are particularly successful in autoganzfeld trials. Early results show that creative and artistic people do much better than average...
此题通过定位词可以迅速定位到第八段倒数第三句，倒数第二句指出有创造力和艺术性的人们表现得更好。因此可知样本的选择对命中率会有很大影响。故正确答案为F。

Questions 31-40

Complete the table below.
Choose
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 31-40 on your answer sheet.

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

我的答案： 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

正确答案： 31.sender 32.picture|image 33.receiver 34.sensory leakage,outright fraud|fraud 35.sensory leakage,outright fraud|fraud 36.computers 37.human involvement 38.meta-analysis 39.lack of consistency 40.big enough|large enough

查看解析

31 解析

定位词：Ganzfeld studies, 1982, person, acting as
第三段: The idea was that a person acting as a ‘sender' would attempt to beam the image over to the ‘receiver’ relaxing in the sealed room.
此题定位较易。空格中所填词应为person，扮演的角色。很明显答案为sender。

32 解析

定位词：random，selection, four
第三段：In early ganzfeld experiments, the telepathy test involved identification of a picture chosen from a random selection of four taken from a large image bank.
此题轻微乱序，但定位词很明显且定位句是上一题定位句的前一句。空格所填词应为从random selections of four中picked out的宾语。所以此题填picture/image。题干中的picked out与原文中的chosen from属于同义转述。

33 解析

定位词：identify
第三段：Once the session was over, this person was asked to identify which...
此题定位较易。空格所填词应为identify这一动作的发出者，定位句中与之相对应的是指代词this person，于是倒着往回看上：一句，即第31题对应句，可以找出this person的具体指代对象。所以此题填receiver。

34 解析

定位词：positive results
第四段：...there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from' sensory leakage'——where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver——to outright fraud.
此题根据定位词及顺序原则可定位至第四段第四行最后，其中many other ways对应题干中的factors，具体内容在接下来的一句中。所以此题填sensory leakage 或(outright) fraud。

35 解析

定位词：同34题
第四段：...there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from' sensory leakage'——where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver——to outright fraud.
此空与34题为并列关系。很明显答案为(outright)fraud或sensory leakage。

36 解析

定位词：key tasks
第五段：...an automated variant of the technique which used computers to perform many of the key tasks such as...
此题定位较易。空格所填词应为被用来完成key tasks的对象，文中的perform对应题干中的were used for。所以此题填computers。

37 解析

定位词：limit
第五段：By minimising human involvement...
此题按照顺序原则定位，原文中的minimising对应题干中的limit，空格所填词应为被限制的对象。所以此题填human involvement。

38 解析

定位词：results, subjected to
第五段：In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a ‘metaanalysis’...
此题定位较易。空格所填词应为subject to的对象。所以此题填meta-analysis。

39 解析

定位词：different test results
第六段：Yet some parapsychologists remain disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual ganzfeld studies.
此题定位较难，文中的individual ganzfeld studies与题干中的different test对应。空格所填词应为不同实验结果之间的关系。所以此题填lack of consistency。

40 解析

定位词：sample groups
第六段：...the group is just not big enough.
此题定位较易。空格所填词应为sample groups的特征，而且此题可以通过否定词not帮助判断答案。所以此题填big large enough。

考满分 ielts

C8-Test 1

Part 1

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3 解析

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Part 2

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Part 3

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