考满分 | 剑桥雅思在线模考

Part 1

Read the text below and answer questions 1-13.
THE STORY OF SILK

The history of the world's most luxurious fabric, from ancient China to the present day

Silk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons - soft protective shells - that are made by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae). Legend has it that it was Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow Emperor, ruler of China in about 3000 BC, who discovered silkworms. One account of the story goes that as she was taking a walk in her husband's gardens, she discovered that silkworms were responsible for the destruction of several mulberry trees. She collected a number of cocoons and sat down to have a rest. It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread. Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers. Subsequently, she persuaded her husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees. She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric. While it is unknown just how much of this is true, it is certainly known that silk cultivation has existed in China for several millennia.

Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they who were responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving. Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk. The rules were gradually relaxed over the years until finally during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD), even peasants, the lowest caste, were also entitled to wear silk. Sometime during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of currency. Government officials were paid their salary in silk, and farmers paid their taxes in grain and silk. Silk was also used as diplomatic gifts by the emperor. Fishing lines, bowstrings, musical instruments and paper were all made using silk. The earliest indication of silk paper being used was discovered in the tomb of a noble who is estimated to have died around 168 AD.

Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the East. It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than gold. The Silk Road stretched over 6,000 kilometres from Eastern China to the Mediterranean Sea, following the Great Wall of China, climbing the Pamir mountain range, crossing modern-day Afghanistan and going on to the Middle East, with a major trading market in Damascus. From there, the merchandise was shipped across the Mediterranean Sea. Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middlemen.

With the mulberry silkworm being native to China, the country was the world's sole producer of silk for many hundreds of years. The secret of silk-making eventually reached the rest of the world via the Byzantine Empire, which ruled over the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East during the period 330-1453 AD. According to another legend, monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in modern-day Turkey) in 550 AD, concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes. The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese, however, and for many centuries the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly. Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificent silks in the process. Silk production thus spread through Africa, Sicily and Spain as the Arabs swept through these lands. Andalusia in southern Spain was Europe's main silk - producing centre in the tenth century. By the thirteenth century, however, Italy had become Europe's leader in silk production and export. Venetian merchants traded extensively in silk and encouraged silk growers to settle in Italy. Even now, silk processed in the province of Como in northern Italy enjoys an esteemed reputation.

The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the downfall of the European silk industry. Cheaper Japanese silk, trade in which was greatly facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal, was one of the many factors driving the trend. Then in the twentieth century, new manmade fibres, such as nylon, started to be used in what had traditionally been silk products, such as stockings and parachutes. The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry. After the Second World War, Japan's silk production was restored, with improved production and quality of raw silk. Japan was to remain the world's biggest producer of raw silk, and practically the only major exporter of raw silk, until the 1970s. However, in more recent decades, China has gradually recaptured its position as the world's biggest producer and exporter of raw silk and silk yarn. Today, around 125,000 metric tons of silk are produced in the world, and almost two thirds of that production takes place in China.
Questions 1-9

Complete the notes below.
Choose
ONE WORD ONLY
from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-9 on your answer sheet.

Early silk production in China

· Around 3000 BC, according to legend:

- silkworm cocoon fell into emperor's wife's

- emperor's wife invented a to pull out silk fibres

· Only were allowed to produce silk

· Only were allowed to wear silk

· Silk used as a form of

- e.g. farmers' taxes consisted partly of silk

· Silk used for many purposes

- e.g. evidence found of made from silk around 168 AD

Silk reaches rest of world

· Merchants use Silk Road to take silk westward and bring back and precious metals

· 550 AD: hide silkworm eggs in canes and take them to Constantinople

· Silk production spreads across Middle East and Europe

· 20th century: and other manmade fibres cause decline in silk production

我的答案： 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

正确答案： 1.tea 2.reel 3.women 4.royalty 5.currency 6.paper 7.wool 8.monks 9.nylon

查看解析

1 解析

题干： Around 3000 BC, according to legend: silkworm cocoon fell into emperor's wife's 1 ________
定位词： Around 3000 BC、according to legend、silkworm cocoon fell into、emperor's wife
答案句：第一段 One account of the story goes that as she was taking a walk in her husband's gardens, she discovered that silkworms were responsible for the destruction of several mulberry trees. She collected a number of cocoons and sat down to have a rest. It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread.
翻译：故事的一个版本是这样的：她在丈夫的花园里散步时，发现桑树被蚕破坏。她收集了一些蚕茧，坐下来休息。碰巧她在喝茶时，一个蚕茧掉进了热茶里，开始散开成一根细丝。
解析：蚕茧掉进了“茶”里，题干问“fell into emperor's wife's ______”，空格应填 tea。
同义替换：
landed in the hot tea → fell into emperor's wife's tea
答案： tea

2 解析

题干： emperor's wife invented a 2 ________ to pull out silk fibres
定位词： emperor's wife invented、pull out silk fibres
答案句：第一段 She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric.
翻译：她还设计了一种特殊的卷轴，把蚕茧的纤维抽成一根线，这样线就足够结实，可以织成布料。
解析： “devised a special reel” 对应 “invented a ______”；“draw the fibres” 对应 “pull out silk fibres”，所以空格填 reel。
同义替换：
devised a special reel → invented a reel
draw the fibres → pull out silk fibres
答案： reel

3 解析

题干： Only 3 ________ were allowed to produce silk
定位词： Only、allowed to produce silk
答案句：第二段 Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they who were responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving.
翻译：最初，养蚕只限于女性，她们负责种植、收获和纺织。
解析： “solely restricted to women” 对应 “only women were allowed to produce silk”，空格填 women。
同义替换：
solely restricted to women → only women were allowed
responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving → allowed to produce silk
答案： women

4 解析

题干： Only 4 ________ were allowed to wear silk
定位词： Only、allowed to wear silk
答案句：第二段 Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk.
翻译：丝绸很快成为地位的象征，最初只有皇室才有权穿丝绸做的衣服。
解析： “only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk” 对应 “only royalty were allowed to wear silk”，空格填 royalty。
同义替换：
only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk → only royalty were allowed to wear silk
答案： royalty

5 解析

题干： Silk used as a form of 5 ________
定位词： Silk used as a form of
答案句：第二段 Sometime during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of currency.
翻译：在汉朝某个时期，丝绸非常珍贵，也被用作货币单位。
解析： “used as a unit of currency” 对应 “used as a form of currency”，空格填 currency。
同义替换：
used as a unit of currency → used as a form of currency
答案： currency

6 解析

题干： e.g. evidence found of 6 ________ made from silk around 168 AD
定位词： evidence found、made from silk、around 168 AD
答案句：第二段 The earliest indication of silk paper being used was discovered in the tomb of a noble who is estimated to have died around 168 AD.
翻译：最早使用丝纸的证据是在一位估计死于公元168年左右的贵族的墓中发现的。
解析： “silk paper being used” 对应 “______ made from silk”；“the earliest indication … was discovered” 对应 “evidence found”，空格填 paper。
同义替换：
silk paper being used → paper made from silk
the earliest indication … was discovered → evidence found of paper made from silk
答案： paper

7 解析

题干： Merchants use Silk Road to take silk westward and bring back 7 ________ and precious metals
定位词： Merchants、Silk Road、take silk westward、bring back、precious metals
答案句：第三段 Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the East.
翻译：对这种异国织物的需求最终催生了这条利润丰厚的贸易路线，即现在的丝绸之路，把丝绸运往西方，把金、银和羊毛带回东方。
解析： “bringing gold, silver and wool to the East” 对应 “bring back ______ and precious metals”；gold 和 silver 是 precious metals，所以空格应填 wool。
同义替换：
bringing wool to the East → bring back wool
答案： wool

8 解析

题干： 550 AD: 8 ________ hide silkworm eggs in canes and take them to Constantinople
定位词： 550 AD、hide silkworm eggs in canes、take them to Constantinople
答案句：第四段 According to another legend, monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in modern-day Turkey) in 550 AD, concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes.
翻译：根据另一个传说，为拜占庭皇帝查士丁尼工作的僧侣在公元550年把蚕卵藏在空心的竹手杖里，走私到君士坦丁堡。
解析： “monks … smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople … concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes” 对应 “monks hide silkworm eggs in canes and take them to Constantinople”，空格填 monks。
同义替换：
monks smuggled silkworm eggs → monks hide silkworm eggs
concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes → hide in canes
to Constantinople → take them to Constantinople
答案： monks

9 解析

题干： 20th century: 9 ________ and other manmade fibres cause decline in silk production
定位词： 20th century、manmade fibres、cause decline in silk production
答案句：第五段 Then in the twentieth century, new manmade fibres, such as nylon, started to be used in what had traditionally been silk products, such as stockings and parachutes.
翻译：然后在二十世纪，新的人造纤维，比如尼龙，开始被用在传统上是丝绸制品的东西上，比如长袜和降落伞。
解析：题干说 “9 ________ and other manmade fibres”，说明空格是某一种具体的人造纤维，作为例子。原文提到 “such as nylon”，所以空格填 nylon。
同义替换：
new manmade fibres, such as nylon → nylon and other manmade fibres
started to be used in … silk products → cause decline in silk production (因为替代了丝绸)
答案： nylon

Questions 10-13

Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 1?
Choose
TRUE
if the statement agrees with the information given in the text,
choose
FALSE
if the statement contradicts the information,
or choose
NOT GIVEN
if there is no information on this.

10 Gold was the most valuable material transported along the Silk Road.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

11 Most tradesmen only went along certain sections of the Silk Road.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

12 The Byzantines spread the practice of silk production across the West.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

13 Silk yarn makes up the majority of silk currently exported from China.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

我的答案：

正确答案： 10.FALSE 11.TRUE 12.FALSE 13.NOT GIVEN

查看解析

10 解析

译文：黄金是“丝绸之路”沿线运输的最有价值的物品。
定位词：Gold, most valuable material, Silk Road
文中对应第三段第二句: It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity,which was considered to be worth more than gold.
原文意思不难理解，丝绸之路之所以名为“丝绸”之路，是以其最有价值的货品(即丝绸)来命名的，还有定语从句进一步澄清 “ 丝绸被认为比黄金价值更高”，，与题干信息相悖，因此答案为FALSE。

11 解析

译文：大多数贸易人员只走丝绸之路的某些部分。
定位词：Most tradesmen, certain sections of the Silk Road
文中对应第三段最后一句: Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middlemen.
考生只需认识merchants这个可以用来替换tradesmen的词汇即可顺利定位，而原文内容说很少有商人会走完整条路线，分号后更是换了种方式再表达遍:商品大多是由一系列中间经手人来传递交接的，与题干内容一致，答案为TRUE。

12 解析

译文：拜占庭人将丝绸生产的做法传遍了西方。
定位词：Byzantines, spread, across the West
文中对应第四段第四句: The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese, however,and for many centuries the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly.
文章中说“拜占庭人和中国人一样守秘不宜，在很多个世纪里丝绸料子的纺织和贸易都受到帝国严格的把控垄断”，也就是说拜占庭人并没有积极地把丝绸生产的做法传播出去，而是保守了秘密，与题干信息相反，因此答案是FALSE。
考生需格外注意的是：在第四段的第二句中曾经提及,丝绸制作的秘密确实是经由拜占庭帝国而传播到世界上其他国家去的，但这句表述并不能等同于题千中的“拜占庭人将丝绸生产的做法传遍西方”，因为后者是在说他们出于主动的意愿去传播这种方法，而前者则是陈述事实:无论如何，最终丝绸的生产方法确实是经由拜占庭传播到各地的。二者不能混为一谈。

13 解析

译文：丝线构成了当前中国丝绸出口品的大部分(即:中国目前出口的丝绸产品中，大部分都为丝线)。
定位词：Silk yarn, majority, exported from China
文中对应第五段最后两句: However, in more recent decades, China has gradually recaptured its position as the world's biggest producer and exporter of raw silk and silk yarn. Today, around 125,000 metric tons of silk are produced in the world, and almost two thirds of that production takes place in China.
原文只说中国在近几十年成为世界最大的生丝和丝线的生产者和出口国，其产量几乎占全球丝绸产量的三分之二，并没有明确提及在这些产品的构成中，丝线是否占到大多数，因此答案为NOT GIVEN。
Part 2

Read the text below and answer questions 14-26.
Great Migrations

Animal migration, however it is defined, is far more than just the movement of animals. It can loosely be described as travel that takes place at regular intervals - often in an annual cycle - that may involve many members of a species, and is rewarded only after a long journey. It suggests inherited instinct. The biologist Hugh Dingle has identified five characteristics that apply, in varying degrees and combinations, to all migrations. They are prolonged movements that carry animals outside familiar habitats; they tend to be linear, not zigzaggy; they involve special behaviours concerning preparation (such as overfeeding) and arrival; they demand special allocations of energy. And one more: migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the greater mission, which keeps them undistracted by temptations and undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside.

An arctic tern, on its 20,000 km flight from the extreme south of South America to the Arctic circle, will take no notice of a nice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher's boat along the way. While local gulls will dive voraciously for such handouts, the tern flies on. Why? The arctic tern resists distraction because it is driven at that moment by an instinctive sense of something we humans find admirable: larger purpose. In other words, it is determined to reach its destination. The bird senses that it can eat, rest and mate later. Right now it is totally focused on the journey; its undivided intent is arrival. Reaching some gravelly coastline in the Arctic, upon which other arctic terns have converged, will serve its larger purpose as shaped by evolution: finding a place, a time, and a set of circumstances in which it can successfully hatch and rear offspring.

But migration is a complex issue, and biologists define it differently, depending in part on what sorts of animals they study. Joel Berger, of the University of Montana, who works on the American pronghorn and other large terrestrial mammals, prefers what he calls a simple, practical definition suited to his beasts: 'movements from a seasonal home area away to another home area and back again'. Generally the reason for such seasonal back-and-forth movement is to seek resources that aren't available within a single area year-round.

But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean - upward by night to seek food, downward by day to escape predators - can also be considered migration. So can the movement of aphids when, having depleted the young leaves on one food plant, their offspring then fly onward to a different host plant, with no one aphid ever returning to where it started.

Dingle is an evolutionary biologist who studies insects. His definition is more intricate than Berger's, citing those five features that distinguish migration from other forms of movement. They allow for the fact that, for example, aphids will become sensitive to blue light (from the sky) when it's time for takeoff on their big journey, and sensitive to yellow light (reflected from tender young leaves) when it's appropriate to land. Birds will fatten themselves with heavy feeding in advance of a long migrational flight. The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all.

Human behaviour, however, is having a detrimental impact on animal migration. The pronghorn, which resembles an antelope, though they are unrelated, is the fastest land mammal of the New World. One population, which spends the summer in the mountainous Grand Teton National Park of the western USA, follows a narrow route from its summer range in the mountains, across a river, and down onto the plains. Here they wait out the frozen months, feeding mainly on sagebrush blown clear of snow. These pronghorn are notable for the invariance of their migration route and the severity of its constriction at three bottlenecks. If they can't pass through each of the three during their spring migration, they can't reach their bounty of summer grazing; if they can't pass through again in autumn, escaping south onto those windblown plains, they are likely to die trying to overwinter in the deep snow. Pronghorn, dependent on distance vision and speed to keep safe from predators, traverse high, open shoulders of land, where they can see and run. At one of the bottlenecks, forested hills rise to form a V, leaving a corridor of open ground only about 150 metres wide, filled with private homes. Increasing development is leading toward a crisis for the pronghorn threatening to choke off their passageway.

Conservation scientists, along with some biologists and land managers within the USA's National Park Service and other agencies, are now working to preserve migrational behaviours, not just species and habitats. A National Forest has recognised the path of the pronghorn, much of which passes across its land, as a protected migration corridor. But neither the Forest Service nor the Park Service can control what happens on private land at a bottleneck. And with certain other migrating species, the challenge is complicated further - by vastly greater distances traversed, more jurisdictions, more borders, more dangers along the way. We will require wisdom and resoluteness to ensure that migrating species can continue their journeying a while longer.
Questions 14-18

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE
if the statement agrees with the information given in the text.
FALSE
if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN
if there is no information on this.

14 Local gulls and migrating arctic terns behave in the same way when offered food.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

15 Experts' definitions of migration tend to vary according to their area of study.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

16 Very few experts agree that the movement of aphids can be considered migration.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

17 Aphids' journeys are affected by changes in the light that they perceive.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

18 Dingle's aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of different species.

TRUE

FALSE

NOT GIVEN

我的答案：

正确答案： 14.FALSE   15.TRUE   16.NOT GIVEN   17.TRUE   18.FALSE

查看解析

14 解析

译文：本地海鸥和迁徙中的北极燕鸥在被提供给食物时表现得一样。
定位词：local gulls, arctic terns, food
文中对应第二段前两句：An arctic tern, on its 20,000 km fight from the extreme south of South America to the Arctic circle, will take no notice of a nice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher's boat along the way. While local gulls will dive voraciously for such handouts, the tern flies on.
考生即使在原文两句中有着不止一个并不认识的单词，其实也不影响对此题的解答。local gulls会为了herring这样的handouts而voraciously俯冲下来，然而arctic tern却会继续飞行，显然二者在面对食物时表现得并不一样，与题千信息相悖，因此答案为FALSE。

15 解析

译文：专家们对于迁徙的定义往往会根据他们的研究领域而各有不同。
定位词：expert's definitions, vary, area of study
文中对第三段第一句：But migration is a complex issue, and biologists define it differently,depending in part on what sorts of animals they study.
本题极其友好，从定位到理解都没有给考生构成困难，只需按照“专家的定义”找到原文中的相应描述即可，答案为TRUE。

16 解析

译文：很少有专家赞同蚜虫的移动可以被视为迁徙。
定位词：very few experts agree, movement of aphids
第四段前两句：But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean-upward by night to seek food, downward by day to escape predators- can also be considered migration. So can the movement of aphids when...
本题具有一定的迷惑性。“蚜虫移动”这个信息不难定位，原文也以事实陈述的口吻指出:浮游生物和蚜虫的移动确实可以被视为某种形式的迁徙。但此题是一道典型的“将事实与观点相混淆”思路的判断题，题干说“很少有专家认同这个看法”，是明确的“专家观点表达”，与原文的“事实陈述”既不能说是矛盾，也不能说是一致，而是NOT GIVEN。

17 解析

译文：蚜虫的旅行受到它们所感知到的光的影响。
定位词：aphids' journeys, affected, changes in the light
第五段第三句：..., aphids will become sensitive to blue light (from the sky) when it's time for takeoff on their big journey, and sensitive to yellow light (effected from tender young leaves) when it s appropriate to land.
本题定位不困难:虽然考生未必认识aphids (蚜虫)这个单词，但它在文中作为昆虫名并没有被替换。阅读定位句可知，这种生物确实会在不同的情况下分别对蓝光和黄光更加敏感，也就是“会受到光色变化的影响”，答案为TRUE。

18 解析

译文：Dingle的目标在于区分不同物种迁徙行为之间的差异。
定位词：Dingle's aim, distinguish
第五段最后一句：The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all.
由于有Dingle这个大写人名，本题定位不难。关于文中对应句子的详解可以参见前文中“佳句赏析”的第五句。对比可知Dingle的目的在于找到迁徙行为的共性,与题干所表述的“区分不同”形成矛盾抵触的关系,答案为FALSE。

Questions 19-22

Complete each sentence with the correct ending,
A-G
, below.
Write the correct letter,
A-G
, in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.

A. be discouraged by difficulties.

B. travel on open land where they can look out for predators.

C. eat more than they need for immediate purposes.

D. be repeated daily.

E. ignore distractions.

F. be governed by the availability of water.

G. follow a straight line.

19 According to Dingle, migratory routes are likely to19

20 To prepare for migration, animals are likely to20

21 During migration, animals are unlikely to21

22 Arctic terns illustrate migrating animals' ability to22

我的答案： 19. 20. 21. 22.

正确答案： 19.G   20.C   21.A   22.E

查看解析

19 解析

定位词：Dingle, migratory routes, likely to
文中对应第一段第四、五句：The biologist Hugh Dingle has identified five characteristics that apply, in varying degrees and combinations, to all migrations.They are... they tend to be linear, not zigzaggy; ...
题干说“按照Dingle的说法，迁徙的路线往往会”。回到原文中Dingle这个人名不难找到，route(路线)这个意思却是通过linear和zigzaggy这两个用以描述“路线”是平直还是曲折的形容词来间接表达的，需要考生认识其中至少一个才能更准确定位。而一旦定位之后确定答案则很容易，为G项: follow a straight line (沿着一条直线 )。

20 解析

定位词：prepare for, likely to
文中对应第一段第五句：...; they involve special behaviours concerning preparation (such as overfeeding and arrival;
题干说“为了给迁徙做准备,动物们往往会”。prepare这个题千中的定位信息在原文中仅仅改了词性，变成了名词preparation,很容易被找到；而括号里对于“做准备”的举例说明overfeeding也不是困难的词汇，可以轻松得出答案为C: eat more than they need for immediate purposes (吃得比它们当下立刻就需要的要多)。

21 解析

定位词：during migration, unlikely to
文中对应第一段最后一句：And one more migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the greater mission, which keeps them undistracted by temptations and undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside.
题干说“在迁徙过程中，动物们一般不会”。此题比较有迷惑性，原因在于原文中给出了两个否定性信息: undistracted by temptations和undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside, 分别对应于选项E和选项A。注意:选项E和A所描述内容的方向是相反的。根据题千中的unlikely, 可得出答案为A: be discouraged by difficulties,即“不会被困难阻挡”，如果选E的话，则与文意相反。而且下一道题只有唯一的可选项E,且本题型中又没有提示可以重复选用某个选项，因此结合排除法可得答案为A。

22 解析

定位词：Arctic terns, illustrate, ability
文中对应第二段前四句：An arctic tern, on its 20,000 km flight from the extreme south of South America to the Arctic circle, will take no notice of an ice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher's boat along the way. While local gulls will dive voraciously for such handouts, the tern flies on. Why? The arctic tern resists distraction because...
题干说“北极燕鸥证明了迁徙中的动物有能力”。Arctic tern不难定位，但考生需要具备耐心，在第一次找到定位词的句子里没有提供相关解题信息的时候继续向下阅读原文，直到看至第四句时能得出完整信息，答案为E: ignore distractions (忽视那些分散注意力的因素)。

Questions 23-26

Complete the summary below.
Choose
ONE WORD ONLY
from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

Pronghorns rely on their eyesight and to avoid predators. One particular population's summer habitat is a national park, and their winter home is on the , where they go to avoid the danger presented by the snow at that time of year. However, their route between these two areas contains three . One problem is the construction of new homes in a narrow of land on the pronghorns' route.

我的答案： 23. 24. 25. 26.

正确答案： 23.speed   24.plains   25.bottlenecks   26.corridor|passageway

查看解析

23 解析

定位词：pronghorns,rely on, eyesight, predators
文中对应第六段倒数第三句：Pronghorn, dependent on distance vision and speed to keep safe from predators, ...
pronghorn这个词在文中出现在了两个部位。第一次是在第三段中，只是在介绍Joel Berger的研究领域时被简短地一带而过，没有展开;第二次则是在文章的后两段中密集出现，此时才是真正说到了其迁徙行为的细节内容，是此部分summary题型对应的正文部分。题干说“叉角羚依赖它们的视力和 _____来躲避捕食者”。对比原文中与vision形成并列关系的内容，可得答案为speed。

24 解析

定位词：summer habitat, national park, winter home,
文中对应第六段第三、四句：One population, which spends the summer in the mountainous Grand Teton National Park of the western USA, follows a narrow route from its summer range in the mountains, across a river, and down onto the plains. Here they wait out the frozen months, ...
题干说“某个特定种群(叉角羚)的夏季栖息地是一个国家公园，而它们的冬季家园则位于”。“夏季”和“国家公园”这两个信息都不难在文中找到，但包含这两个信息的句子里提供的地点“平原”却不容易被确定为答案，原因在于本句中并没有明确提及“冬季”这个信息。考生需要耐心向下再阅读一句，找到“冬季”的同义替换frozen months，从而用here这个地点指代词来确认，答案为plains。

25 解析

定位词：route, three
文中对应第六段第五句：These pronghorn are notable for the invariance of their migration route and the severity of its constriction at three bottlenecks.
题干说“它们在这两个区域之间的迁徙路线包含三个_____”。其实只需找到文中明确提及“三”这个数目的所指对象即可，答案为bottlenecks。

26 解析

定位词：problem, construction of new homes, narrow
文中对应第六段倒数第二句：At one of the bottlenecks, forested hills rise to form a V, leaving a corridor of open ground only
about 150 metres wide, filled with private homes.
题干说“问题之一来自叉角羚迁徙路线上一条狭长_____上的新建房屋”。本题的难度来自于使用了narrow 来同义替换“只有150米宽”这一具体的细节信息，可能会给一些考生的定位造成一定障碍。而一旦成功定位即可得出答案为corridor。

Part 3

Read the text below and answer questions 27-40.

Preface to ‘How the other half thinks: Adventures in mathematical reasoning'

A Occasionally, in some difficult musical compositions, there are beautiful, but easy parts - parts so simple a beginner could play them. So it is with mathematics as well. There are some discoveries in advanced mathematics that do not depend on specialized knowledge, not even on algebra, geometry, or trigonometry. Instead they may involve, at most, a little arithmetic, such as 'the sum of two odd numbers is even', and common sense. Each of the eight chapters in this book illustrates this phenomenon. Anyone can understand every step in the reasoning.

The thinking in each chapter uses at most only elementary arithmetic, and sometimes not even that. Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical experience, to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, and to become familiar with its logical, yet intuitive, style of thinking.

B One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven't had the opportunity to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the mathematical way of thinking. I want to reveal not only some of the fascinating discoveries, but, more importantly, the reasoning behind them.

In that respect, this book differs from most books on mathematics written for the general public. Some present the lives of colorful mathematicians. Others describe important applications of mathematics. Yet others go into mathematical procedures, but assume that the reader is adept in using algebra.

C I hope this book will help bridge that notorious gap that separates the two cultures: the humanities and the sciences, or should I say the right brain (intuitive) and the left brain (analytical, numerical). As the chapters will illustrate, mathematics is not restricted to the analytical and numerical; intuition plays a significant role. The alleged gap can be narrowed or completely overcome by anyone, in part because each of us is far from using the full capacity of either side of the brain. To illustrate our human potential, I cite a structural engineer who is an artist, an electrical engineer who is an opera singer, an opera singer who published mathematical research, and a mathematician who publishes short stories.

D Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to non-scientists, but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of their theories. The reader must remain a tantalized spectator rather than an involved participant, since the appropriate language for describing the details in much of science is mathematics, whether the subject is expanding universe, subatomic particles, or chromosomes. Though the broad outline of a scientific theory can be sketched intuitively, when a part of the physical universe is finally understood, its description often looks like a page in a mathematics text.

E Still, the non-mathematical leader can go far in understanding mathematical reasoning. This book presents the details that illustrate the mathematical style of thinking, which involves sustained, step-by-step analysis, experiments, and insights. You will turn these pages much more slowly than when reading a novel or a newspaper. It may help to have a pencil and paper ready to check claims and carry out experiments.

F As I wrote, I kept in mind two types of readers: those who enjoyed mathematics until they were turned off by an unpleasant episode, usually around fifth grade, and mathematics aficionados, who will find much that is new throughout the book.
This book also serves readers who simply want to sharpen their analytical skills. Many careers, such as law and medicine, require extended, precise analysis. Each chapter offers practice in following a sustained and closely argued line of thought. That mathematics can develop this skill is shown by these two testimonials:

G A physician wrote, 'The discipline of analytical thought processes [in mathematics] prepared me extremely well for medical school. In medicine one is faced with a problem which must be thoroughly analyzed before a solution can be found. The process is similar to doing mathematics.'

A lawyer made the same point, 'Although I had no background in law - not even one political science course - I did well at one of the best law schools. I attribute much of my success there to having learned, through the study of mathematics, and, in particular, theorems, how to analyze complicated principles. Lawyers who have studied mathematics can master the legal principles in a way that most others cannot.'

I hope you will share my delight in watching as simple, even naïve, questions lead to remarkable solutions and purely theoretical discoveries find unanticipated applications.

Questions 27-34

Reading Passage 3 has seven sections,
A-G
.

Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter
A-G
in boxes 27-34 on your answer sheet.

NB
You may use any letter more than once.

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
27.a reference to books that assume a lack of mathematical knowledge
28.the way in which this is not a typical book about mathematics
29.personal examples of being helped by mathematics
30.examples of people who each had abilities that seemed incompatible
31.mention of different focuses of books about mathematics
32.a contrast between reading this book and reading other kinds of publication
33.a claim that the whole of the book is accessible to everybody
34.a reference to different categories of intended readers of this book

我的答案： 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.

正确答案： 27.D 28.B 29.G 30.C 31.B 32.E 33.A 34.F

查看解析

27 解析

解析：
题目中说这些books所进行的assume是针对书的读者而言，也就是说，它们假设的是“读者并不具有（或日缺乏）特别深厚的数学知识”，在本段第一句Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to non-scientists, but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of their theories，其中中have necessarily had to omit这个表达也清楚地表明这类书籍是“出于必要、不得不省略了”数学相关内容，与题目中a lack of mathematical knowledge一致

28 解析

解析：
B部分第二段第一句说In that respect, this book differs from most books on mathematics written for the general public. 其中differs from most books与题目中not a typical book是同义替换

29 解析

解析：
G部分第一段说A physician wrote, 'The discipline of analytical thought processes [in mathematics] prepared me extremely well for medical school...' 第二段说A lawyer made the same point, ...I attribute much of my success there to having learned, through the study of mathematics, and, in particular, theorems, how to analyze complicated principles. 其中physician和lawyer是personal examples的同义替换，他们说到prepared me extremely well attribute much of my success there to having learned, through the study of mathematics表明被数学帮助

30 解析

题干中的 incompatible 一词指“似乎有矛盾、不一致”这样的状态。这表明一个人可以既具备这类能力，又同时具有另外一类不同的能力，而看似这两种能力好像不中该同时出现在一个人的身上。与C段最后一句：To illustrate our human potential, I cite a structural engineer who is an artist, an electrical engineer who is an opera singer, an opera singer who published mathematical research, and a mathematician who publisher short stories 一致

31 解析

解析：
B 部分第二段后三句：Some present the lives of colorful mathematicians. Others describe important applications of mathematics. Yet others go into mathematical procedures, but assume that the reader is adept in using algebra.说明过有一些数学书呈现的是生平精彩纷呈的数学家们的故事，有些则介绍了数学的重要应用领域。还有些会深入讲解各类数学演算方法，却默认读者已熟练掌握代数的运用。文中通过举例的形式具体表示出题目中不同focuses

32 解析

解析：
E 段第三句You will turn these pages much more slowly than when reading a novel or a newspaper中提到了阅读本书比读小说或报纸要更慢一些，体现出题目中的contrast，a novel or a newspaper则是other kinds of publication的同义替换

33 解析

解析：
A 部分第一段最后一句：Anyone can understand every step in the reasoning和第二段第二句：Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical experience, to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, and to become familiar with its logical, yet intuitive, style of thinking中Anyone，all readers都可以等于everybody，而且其中understand和have the chance to participate in a mathematical experience都表明the whole of the book is accessible

34 解析

解析：
F部分第一段：As I wrote, I kept in mind two types of readers: ...直接体现了different categories of intended readers，作者的2类目标读者

Questions 35-40

Complete the sentence below.

Choose
ONE WORD ONLY
from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet.

35 Some areas of both music and mathematics are suitable for someone who is a .

36 It is sometimes possible to understand advanced mathematics using no more than a limited knowledge of .

37 The writer intends to show that mathematics requires thinking, as well as analytical skills.

38 Some books written by have had to leave out the mathematics that is central to their theories.

39 The writer advises non mathematical readers to perform while reading the book.

40 A lawyer found that studying helped even more than other areas of mathematics in the study of law.

我的答案： 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

正确答案： 35.beginner 36.arithmetic 37.intuitive 38.scientists 39.experiments 40.theorems

查看解析

35 解析

题干： Some areas of both music and mathematics are suitable for someone who is a 35 ________ .

定位词： Some areas of both music and mathematics、suitable for someone who is a

答案句： A段第一、二句 Occasionally, in some difficult musical compositions, there are beautiful, but easy parts - parts so simple a beginner could play them. So it is with mathematics as well.

翻译：偶尔，在一些艰深的音乐作品中，会有优美而简单的段落——简单到初学者都能演奏。数学也是如此。

解析：音乐和数学中都有简单的部分，这些部分适合“初学者”。题干问 “suitable for someone who is a ______”，空格应填 beginner。

同义替换：

easy parts so simple a beginner could play them → areas suitable for a beginner

答案： beginner

36 解析

题干： It is sometimes possible to understand advanced mathematics using no more than a limited knowledge of 36 ________.

定位词： understand advanced mathematics、using no more than a limited knowledge of

答案句： A段第三、四句 There are some discoveries in advanced mathematics that do not depend on specialized knowledge, not even on algebra, geometry, or trigonometry. Instead they may involve, at most, a little arithmetic.

翻译：高等数学中的一些发现并不依赖于专业知识，甚至不依赖于代数、几何或三角学。相反，它们最多只涉及一点算术。

解析： “do not depend on specialized knowledge” 对应 “using no more than a limited knowledge”；“a little arithmetic” 是具体需要的知识。题干问 “limited knowledge of ______”，空格填 arithmetic。

同义替换：

involve at most a little arithmetic → using no more than a limited knowledge of arithmetic

答案： arithmetic

37 解析

题干： The writer intends to show that mathematics requires 37 ________ thinking, as well as analytical skills.

定位词： mathematics requires、as well as analytical skills

答案句： C段第三句 As the chapters will illustrate, mathematics is not restricted to the analytical and numerical; intuition plays a significant role.

翻译：正如各章将说明的，数学并不局限于分析和数值计算；直觉起着重要作用。

解析： “intuition plays a significant role” 对应 “mathematics requires intuitive thinking”；题干已经给出 “as well as analytical skills”，所以空格填与 analytical 并列的思维类型，即 intuitive。

同义替换：

intuition plays a significant role → requires intuitive thinking

答案： intuitive

38 解析

题干： Some books written by 38 ________ have had to leave out the mathematics that is central to their theories.

定位词： Some books written by、leave out the mathematics、central to their theories

答案句： D段第一句 Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to non-scientists, but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of their theories.

翻译：其他科学家写书向非科学家解释他们的领域，但不得不省略数学，尽管数学是他们理论的基础。

解析： “other scientists have written books” 对应 “some books written by scientists”；“had to omit the mathematics” 对应 “have had to leave out the mathematics”。空格填 scientists。

同义替换：

other scientists have written books → some books written by scientists

had to omit the mathematics → have had to leave out the mathematics

答案： scientists

39 解析

题干： The writer advises non mathematical readers to perform 39 ________ while reading the book.

定位词： writer advises、non mathematical readers、perform、while reading the book

答案句： E段最后一句 It may help to have a pencil and paper ready to check claims and carry out experiments.

翻译：准备铅笔和纸来验证说法和进行实验可能会有帮助。

解析： “it may help” 对应 “the writer advises”；“have a pencil and paper ready to … carry out experiments” 对应 “perform experiments”。题干问 “perform ______”，空格填 experiments。

同义替换：

carry out experiments → perform experiments

答案： experiments

40 解析

题干： A lawyer found that studying 40 ________ helped even more than other areas of mathematics in the study of law.

定位词： A lawyer found、studying、helped even more than other areas of mathematics、study of law

答案句： G段律师的引语 I attribute much of my success there to having learned, through the study of mathematics, and, in particular, theorems, how to analyze complicated principles.

翻译：我把我在那里的成功很大程度上归功于通过学习数学，特别是定理，学会了如何分析复杂的原则。

解析：律师特别提到 “in particular, theorems”，说明在学习法律时，定理比其他数学领域更有帮助。题干问 “studying ______ helped even more than other areas of mathematics”，空格填 theorems。

同义替换：

through the study of mathematics, and in particular, theorems → studying theorems helped even more than other areas of mathematics

答案： theorems

考满分 ielts

C11-Test 3

Part 1

1 解析

2 解析

3 解析

4 解析

5 解析

6 解析

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13 解析

Part 2

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Part 3

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