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第一段
1 .It’s only relatively recently that designers have become aware of the need to be inclusive when designing products.
直到最近，设计师们才开始意识到在设计产品时需要具备包容性。
2 .But what does that mean exactly?
但这到底是什么意思呢？
3 .Well, it simply means designing products that span economic, social and cultural barriers.
简单来说，就是设计能够跨越经济、社会和文化障碍的产品。
4 .It means making sure products are accessible – so that as many different types of people as possible can use them without any type of adaptation having to be made to the original design.
这意味着确保产品是易于使用的——尽可能多的不同人群都能使用它们，而无需对原始设计进行任何修改。
5 .Inclusive design is often linked with universal design, although they are not quite the same thing.
包容性设计常常与“通用设计”联系在一起，尽管两者并不完全相同。
6 .Universal design aims to make products that work for everyone and that includes considering the needs of people who have cognitive difficulties, which can present quite a challenge.
通用设计的目标是制造适合所有人使用的产品，包括考虑那些有认知困难的人群的需求，这可能是一个相当大的挑战。
7 .Today, examples of successful inclusive design can be seen all around us.
如今，成功的包容性设计的例子随处可见。
8 .In workplaces it is common to see desks which can be adjusted to suit people of different heights or for wheelchair users.
在工作场所中，一种常见的例子是可以调节高度的桌子，以适应不同身高的人或轮椅使用者。
9 .This still isn’t always the case, however, and is one reason why office workers often suffer from back or neck problems.
然而，这种情况尚未普及，这也是为什么很多办公室工作人员经常出现背部或颈部问题的原因之一。
10 .You’ll find another example in the public toilets of countless hotels, airports and offices.Taps that you activate by sensor require no pressing or twisting movements.
另一个例子可以在无数酒店、机场和办公室的公共厕所里找到：通过感应器控制的水龙头不需要按压或旋转操作。
11 .These are not only more hygienic, they’re also easier for people with dexterity or mobility issues.
这些水龙头不仅更加卫生，而且对于行动不便或灵活性较差的人来说也更容易使用。
12 .The tech industry has been criticised in the past for focusing too much on young consumers but this is changing. Many products are now designed with the elderly in mind.
科技行业过去曾因过于关注年轻消费者而受到批评，但这种情况正在改变。现在许多产品是专门为老年人设计的。
13 .For example, it’s well known that vision declines with age, and that we also become worse at distinguishing between similar colours; in particular, shades of blue, which is why software designers rarely create interfaces with this colour.
例如，众所周知，人们的视力会随着年龄增长而下降，我们也会变得更难区分相似的颜色，尤其是蓝色色系。这就是为什么软件设计师很少使用这种颜色来创建界面。
14 .Motor skills also decline with age and some people have difficulty doing everyday things like picking up a cup or opening a door.
人的运动技能也会随着年龄增长而下降，一些人甚至难以完成像拿起杯子或开门这样的日常任务。
15 .This can also affect their ability to use a mouse or keyboard. So voice access is now a routine way of making commands.
这也会影响他们使用鼠标或键盘的能力。因此，语音控制现已成为一种常规的操作方式。
16 .It’s worth looking at the problems non-inclusive designs cause when not enough consideration is given to a range of users, as it can have a serious impact on people’s lives.
值得一看的是，当没有充分考虑到各种用户需求时，非包容性设计会带来哪些问题，因为这些问题可能会对人们的生活造成严重影响。
17 .Access is one obvious example because it has such a huge impact on disabled people’s independence.
可及性就是一个明显的例子，因为它对残疾人的独立性有着巨大的影响。
18 .Not being able to access public transport because buses or trains are not wheelchair-friendly means many disabled people can’t go out unless someone goes with them.
如果因为公交车或火车不适合轮椅使用者而无法使用公共交通工具，就意味着许多残疾人除非有人陪同，否则根本无法外出。
19 .Safety is another issue. Inexplicably, most cars are still crash-tested using a dummy based on an average-sized male.
安全也是一个问题。令人费解的是，大多数汽车仍然使用基于平均体型男性的假人来进行碰撞测试。
20 .This has safety implications for all women, particularly those who are pregnant, as the seatbelts worn by the dummy are not adapted to accommodate them.
这对所有女性，特别是孕妇的安全都会产生影响，因为假人身上佩戴的安全带并没有根据她们的身体特征进行调整。
21 .Over the past 100 years, workplaces in the UK have, on the whole, become considerably safer.
在过去的一百年里，英国的工作场所总体上变得更加安全了。
22 .Employers are legally required to provide well-maintained personal protective equipment or PPE – anything from goggles to full body suits – to workers who need it, free of charge.
雇主依法必须免费为需要的员工提供维护良好的个人防护装备（PPE），从护目镜到全身防护服都在其列。
23 .But most PPE is designed to fit men. A recent report found that employers often think that when it comes to female workers, all they need to do to comply with this legal requirement is to buy jackets, for example, designed for a small man.
但目前大多数的PPE都是按照男性体型设计的。一份近期报告显示，许多雇主认为只要购买针对小体型男性设计的夹克等装备，就能满足法律对女性员工的要求。
24 .The problem with this is that women can be tall and still have much smaller shoulders than the average man. Ill-fitting PPE such as hi-vis jackets, vests and body armour can put women at risk.
问题是，女性可能身高不矮，但肩膀却比一般男性窄得多。不合身的PPE，如高可见度夹克、背心和防弹衣，都可能让女性处于危险之中。
25 .The report found that 95% of women said that their PPE often hampered their work and that this problem was worst in the emergency services, particularly the police.
报告还显示，95%的女性表示她们的PPE经常妨碍她们完成工作任务，这个问题在急救服务部门尤为严重，尤其是警察队伍中。
26 .Another problem is related to comfort at work.
还有一个问题与职场中的舒适度有关。
27 .A very common scenario in offices in summertime is to see women wrapped in blankets or wearing sweaters while the air conditioning is on high.
夏天办公室里一个非常常见的场景是，女人们裹着毯子或穿着毛衣，而空调开得很低。
28 .Meanwhile the men are in shorts and T-shirts.This is due to differences in metabolic rates for men and women.
与此同时，男同事们则穿着短裤和T恤。这是因为男女之间的基础代谢率存在差异。
29 .There is a standard setting for air conditioning to be at a temperature of 21 degrees, designed to suit men, and in most modern offices it’s not possible to turn the air conditioning up or down.
空调的标准设定温度是21摄氏度，这个标准是根据男性的感受制定的，而在大多数现代办公室里，无法调节温度高低。
30 .This means that many offices which mainly employ women are wasting energy by having the air conditioning set too high.
这意味着许多主要雇佣女性员工的办公室由于空调设得太冷而浪费了大量能源。
31 .As you can see from the examples I’ve just mentioned, there are serious consequences for designs which don’t consider the needs of all users. This is…
正如我刚才提到的例子所展示的那样，忽视所有用户需求的设计会带来严重的后果。这是……