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第一段
1 .Hello everyone.
大家好。
2 .Today we’re going to look at another natural food product and that’s maple syrup.
今天我们来看看另一种天然食品，那就是枫糖浆。
3 .What is this exactly?
这到底是什么?
4 .Well, maple syrup looks rather like clear honey, but it’s not made by bees; it’s produced from the plant fluid – or sap – inside the maple tree and that makes maple syrup a very natural product.
枫糖浆看起来很像透明的蜂蜜，但它不是由蜜蜂制成的; 它是由植物，也就是枫树内的汁液制成， 这使得枫糖浆成为一种天然健康的食品。
5 .Maple syrup is a thick, golden, sweet-tasting liquid that can be bought in bottles or jars and poured onto food such as waffles and ice cream or used in the baking of cakes and pastries.
枫糖浆是一种金黄色的甜甜的浓稠液体。（我们）可以买到罐装或者瓶装的枫糖浆，并且把它倒在华夫饼或者冰淇淋之类的食物上，也可以在烘焙蛋糕或者糕点时使用。
6 .It contains no preservatives or added ingredients, and it provides a healthy alternative to refined sugar.
它不含防腐剂或者任何添加成分，是精制糖的替代品，非常健康。
7 .Let’s just talk a bit about the maple tree itself, which is where maple syrup comes from.
让我们来谈谈枫树本身，枫树是槭糖浆的来源。
8 .So, there are many species of maple tree, and they’ll grow without fertilizer in areas where there’s plenty of moisture in the soil.
枫树的种类有很多，它们可以在不施肥的情况下生长在土壤水分充足的地区。
9 .However, they’ll only do this if another important criterion is fulfilled, which is that they must have full or partial sun exposure during the day and very cool nights – and I’ll talk more about that in a minute.
然而，他们只有在满足另一个重要条件的情况下才会如此，那就是他们必须在白天充分或部分地暴露在阳光下，而且夜晚必须非常凉爽。我待会儿会详细说说这个。
10 .There are only certain parts of the world that provide all these conditions: one is Canada, and by that, I mean all parts of Canada, and the other is the north-eastern states of North America.
世界上只有某些地区提供所有这些条件:一个是加拿大，我指的是加拿大的所有地区，另一个是北美的东北部各州。
11 .In these areas, the climate suits the trees perfectly.
这些地方的气候对于（枫）树（的生长）来说是完美的。
12 .In fact, Canada produces over two-thirds of the world’s maple syrup, which is why the five-pointed maple leaf is a Canadian symbol and has featured on the flag since 1964.
事实上，加拿大产出了世界上三分之二以上的枫糖浆，这也是为什么五角形的枫树叶是加拿大的象征。从1964年起，枫叶（图案）也出现在了加拿大的国旗上。
13 .So how did maple syrup production begin?
那么枫糖浆的生产是如何开始的呢?
14 .Well, long before Europeans settled in these parts of the world, the indigenous communities had started producing maple sugar.
其实，早在欧洲人在这些地区定居之前，当地居民就已经开始生产枫糖了。
15 .They bored holes in the trunks of maple trees and used containers made of tree bark to collect the liquid sap as it poured out.
他们在枫树的树干上钻洞，用树皮做的容器收集倒出来的液体。
16 .As they were unable to keep the liquid for any length of time – they didn’t have storage facilities in those days – they boiled the liquid by placing pieces of rock that had become scorching hot from the sun into the sap.
当时由于缺乏存储容器，（本地人）无法保存液体。于是，他们将经过太阳暴晒变得滚烫的石头扔进汁液里，将液体煮沸。
17 .They did this until it turned into sugar, and they were then able to use this to sweeten their food and drinks.
直到液体变成糖，然后他们可以使用这些糖来给他们的食物和饮料增加甜味。
18 .Since that time, improvements have been made to the process, but it has changed very little overall.
从那时起，提炼的流程有了些许改进，但总体上几乎没有改变。
第二段
1 .So let’s look at the production of maple syrup today.
让我们看看如今的枫糖浆生产过程。
2 .Clearly, the maple forests are a valuable resource in many Canadian and North American communities.
显然，枫树林是许多加拿大和北美社区的宝贵资源。
3 .The trees have to be well looked after and they cannot be used to make syrup until the trunks reach a diameter of around 25 centimetres.
这些树必须得到很好的照料，直到树干直径达到25厘米左右，它们才能被用来制造糖浆。
4 .This can take anything up to 40 years.
这可能需要长达40年的时间。
5 .As I’ve already mentioned, maple trees need the right conditions to grow and also to produce sap.
正如我已经提到的，枫树需要合适的环境来生长并产生汁液。
6 .Why is this?
为什么会这样呢?
7 .Well, what happens is that during a cold night, the tree absorbs water from the soil, and that rises through the tree’s vascular system.
在寒冷的夜晚，树木从土壤中吸收水分，水分通过树木的维管系统上升。
8 .But then in the warmer daytime, the change in temperature causes the water to be pushed back down to the bottom of the tree.
但在温暖的白天，温度的变化导致水被推回到树的底部。
9 .This continual movement – up and down – leads to the formation of the sap needed for maple syrup production.
这种不断的上下运动导致了生产枫糖浆所需的树液的形成。
10 .When the tree is ready, it can be tapped and this involves drilling a small hole into the trunk and inserting a tube into it that ends in a bucket.
当树准备就绪，就可以在树干上钻一个小孔，安装好水龙头。这样，（树汁）就可以通过管子（进入）水桶。
11 .The trees can often take several taps, though the workers take care not to cause any damage to the healthy growth of the tree itself.
这些树通常可以被轻敲几下，当然工人们小心翼翼地不给树本身的健康生长造成任何损害。
12 .The sap that comes out of the trees consists of 98 percent water and 2 percent sugar and other nutrients.
树汁由98%的水、2%的糖和其他营养成分组成。
13 .It has to be boiled so that much of that water evaporates, and this process has to take place immediately, using what are called evaporators.
汁液需要被煮沸，只有这样做，水才能被蒸发，而且这一步需要立即使用蒸发器操作。
14 .These are basically extremely large pans – the sap is poured into these, a fire is built and the pans are then heated until the sap boils.
通常，蒸发器都是超大的平底锅——把枫树汁液倒进盘子里，然后生火，盘子被加热，直到液体沸腾。
15 .As it does this, the water evaporates, and the syrup begins to form.
在这个过程中，水蒸发了，糖浆开始形成。
16 .The evaporation process creates large quantities of steam, and the sap becomes thicker and denser, and, at just the right moment, when the sap is thick enough to be called maple syrup, the worker removes it from the heat.
蒸发过程会产生大量的蒸汽，树液会变得更厚，密度更大，在合适的时候，也就是当树液厚到可以被称为枫树糖浆时，工人会把它从高温中取出。
17 .After this process, something called ‘sugar sand’ has to be filtered out as this builds up during the boiling and gives the syrup a cloudy appearance and a slightly gritty taste.
在这一过程之后，一种叫做“糖沙”的东西必须被过滤掉，因为它在煮沸过程中积累起来，使糖浆看起来浑浊，有一点沙粒的味道。
18 .Once this has been done, the syrup is ready to be packaged so that it can be used for a whole variety of products.
一旦这一步完成，糖浆就可以装起来了。它可以在很多的产品中使用。
19 .It takes 40 litres of sap to produce one litre of maple syrup so you can get an idea of how much is needed!
每1升枫糖浆大约消耗40升枫树汁液，可见枫糖浆有多难炼制！
20 .So that’s the basic process. In places like Quebec where …
这就是基本的过程。在魁北克这样的地方……