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第一段
1 .Today's lecture is about studies that look at how music therapy can be used to help patients who undergo surgery.
今天的讲座将探讨音乐疗法如何用于帮助接受手术的患者，并回顾相关研究。
2 .Now, most people undergo a surgical procedure at some point in their lives. And more than fifty-one million operations are performed annually in the USA. But there's no escaping the fact that most patients feel uncomfortable following surgery.
大多数人在一生中都会经历某种外科手术。仅在美国，每年实施的手术就超过五千一百万例。然而，一个无法回避的事实是，多数患者在术后都会感到不适。
3 .They may have difficulty mobilising, and even sitting up in bed can feel too much. They may also be negatively affected by having their routine disturbed, you know, like if they can't do the things they normally do, or have to devote a lot of time to appointments such as physiotherapy, to aid their recovery.
他们可能行动困难，甚至连在床上坐起来都觉得吃力。日常作息被打乱也可能给他们带来负面影响，比如无法做平时常做的事，或者不得不投入大量时间参加物理治疗之类的康复预约。
4 .Currently, the main strategy for improving recovery is medication to control pain, and this can be administered to patients in the short, medium or longer term, depending on the extent of their surgery.
目前，改善康复的主要策略是使用药物控制疼痛，根据手术的范围，给药方案可以是短期、中期或更长期。
5 .But music is still not an everyday part of the post-surgical phase, despite a wealth of relevant studies supporting its potential in recovery.
然而，尽管有大量相关研究支持音乐在康复中的潜力，它在术后阶段仍未成为常规手段。
6 .Earlier this year, a research team set out to assess all the available evidence so that they could highlight the potential for music in surgical recovery. They identified nearly a hundred trials involving a total of seven thousand patients who were played recorded music as part of their post-operative care.
今年早些时候，一个研究团队着手评估了所有可获得的证据，以期凸显音乐在外科康复中的潜力。他们筛选出近一百项试验，共涉及七千名患者，这些患者在术后护理阶段都曾聆听录制的音乐。
7 .The researchers then looked at what impact the music had on the patients. They discovered that patients who had been played music reported feeling happier and more satisfied in the post-operative phase, and the length of their stay was shorter than for patients who had not listened to any music.
随后，研究人员考察了音乐对患者产生的影响。他们发现，聆听音乐的患者在术后阶段报告感到更快乐、更满意，而且他们的住院时间比未听任何音乐的患者更短。
8 .The researchers also explored the patients' choice of music, and their findings showed that a wide variety of music styles was evident.
研究人员还探究了患者对音乐的选择，他们的研究结果显示，患者所选的音乐风格极为多样。
9 .However, a common factor was that the chosen music had a calming quality. Some of the patients listened to music with headphones, but it was quiet enough not to prevent them from being able to communicate with nurses and other staff.
然而，一个共同点是，所选音乐都具备使人平静的特质。部分患者使用耳机聆听音乐，但音量足够安静，不会妨碍他们与护士及其他工作人员交流。
10 .More often though, the mode of delivery was by what are known as music pillows. These broadcast sound that is only audible to the person lying on them.
不过，更常见的播放方式是通过所谓的“音乐枕头”。这种枕头播出的声音只有躺在上面的人才能听到。
11 .The research involved testing music before, during or after operations or a combination. Some patients listened to the music just once a day, while others had several episodes a day.
这项研究涉及在术前、术中、术后或不同阶段组合中测试音乐效果。一些患者每天只听一次音乐，而另一些则一天听若干次。
12 .When asked to report their experience of listening to music, surgical patients said that either they had no feelings of anxiety at any point, or those feelings were only slight.
当被要求报告聆听音乐的体验时，手术患者表示，他们在任何时候要么毫无焦虑感，要么这种感受非常轻微。
13 .Patients who hadn't listened to music, on the other hand, reported higher levels of dissatisfaction. This feedback from all of the patients was then cross-checked against their medical notes. And in every case, those who were given music to listen to didn't need as much medication to ease their pain as those patients who weren't played music.
反观那些未聆听音乐的患者，其不满程度则更高。来自所有患者的这些反馈随后与他们的病历进行了交叉比对。结果无一例外，那些被安排听音乐的患者，相比未听音乐的患者，所需缓解疼痛的药量更少。
14 .The type of music, patient choice and timing, before, during or after the surgery didn't make much difference. And it even worked when patients were played music under general anaesthetic, although the positive effects were greater when patients were awake.
音乐的类型、患者的选择以及时机——无论术前、术中还是术后——并未产生显著差异。甚至在患者处于全身麻醉状态时为其播放音乐也同样有效，尽管当患者清醒时，积极效果更为明显。
15 .All the evidence suggests that music has a positive effect on post-operative patients, but it's not entirely clear how or why this is the case.
所有证据都表明，音乐对术后患者有积极作用，但目前尚不完全清楚其作用方式和原因。
16 .A lot of people listen to music in daily life as a way to relax and forget their problems, but the researchers came to the conclusion that it worked on patients by distraction. I suppose it was something familiar and gave them something they could control.
很多人在日常生活中通过听音乐来放松身心、忘却烦恼，但研究人员得出的结论是，音乐通过分散注意力对患者产生作用。我想，音乐是一种熟悉的东西，并且赋予了他们某种可以掌控的感觉。
17 .The researchers say there is now sufficient research to demonstrate that music should be available to all patients undergoing operations. They say patients should be able to choose what they'd like to listen to, and if they prefer, recordings taken from nature can be just as good as music.
研究人员表示，如今已有足够的研究证明，所有接受手术的患者都应能接触到音乐。他们认为，患者应当能够自主选择想听的内容，如果他们愿意，自然界的声音录音也能起到与音乐同样好的效果。
18 .Surgical teams may prefer patients to listen to music before the procedure or as soon as they arrive back onto the ward. Clearly, there's more to learn about this area, and the team now plan to focus their next research on the most appropriate volume to play the music at. And I look forward to reading the results of their study. It will be interesting to see...
外科团队或许更倾向于让患者在术前或一回到病房时就听音乐。显然，这一领域还有更多有待探索之处，该团队现已计划将下一阶段的研究重点放在确定最适宜播放音乐的音量上。我期待阅读他们的研究成果。看看……会很有意思。