Section4:THE FUTURE OF MANAGEMENT 纠错
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Part A :

Well, I've been talking to managers in a number of businesses, and reading surveys about the future of management.

好吧,我一直在和很多企业的经理谈话,并阅读有关未来管理的调查。

And what I'm going to present in this seminar is a few ideas about how the activity is likely to change in the next ten years.

而我本次研讨会要提出的是关于活动如何在未来十年内很有可能变化的一些想法。

It isn't a scientific, statistical analysis just some ideas for us to discuss.

这不是一个科学的统计的分析,只是一些想法拿出来讨论。

One area I want to mention is business markets, and I'm sure a really significant development will be a major increase in competition, with companies from all round the world trying to sell similar products.

一个我想提的领域是商业市场,我相信一个真正显著的发展将在竞争中增长,与来自世界各地的公司试图去出售类似的产品。

Consumers will have much more choice for instance, food products sold in Australia might be manufactured in the USA, China, Finland and dozens of other countries.

消费者将有更多的选择一例如,在澳大利亚销售的食品可能被美国,中国,芬兰和许多其他国家所制造。

At the same time, mergers and takeovers mean that governments are actually losing power to major global corporations.

同时,兼并和收购意味着政府实际上是失去了各大跨国公司的掌控权。

We can probably all think of companies that exert a great deal of influence, which may be good for consumers.

我们大概可以认为公司发挥了很大的影响,这可能对消费者是有利的。

A third point I want to make about markets is that in the rapidly expanding economies, such as India, China, Brazil and Russia, demand is growing very fast.

第三点我想提出关于市场是在快速发展的经济体,如印度,中国,巴西和俄罗斯,需求的增长速度非常快。

This is putting pressure on resources all over the world.

这是给遍布世界各地的资源施加压力。

I think businesses are becoming more open to external influences.

我认为,企业正在变得对外部影响更加开放

In particular, companies are consulting customers more and more before making their business decisions.

特别是,企业在做商业决策之前,越来越多的咨询客户。

Companies are finding out what they want and providing it, instead of making products and then trying to sell them, which is the model of years ago.

公司发现了他们想要的东西,并给予提供,而不是制作产品,然后试图卖给他们,这是多年前的典型做法。

Another influence is that concerns about the environment will force manufacturers to extend product lifecycles, to reduce the amount of pollution and waste.

另一个影响是,对环境的关注将迫使制造商延长产品寿命周期,减少污染和浪费。

And in some cases, regulation will need to be strengthened.

在某些情况下,需要加强监管。

Many societies are much more fluid and democratic, and the structure of companies is changing to reflect that.

许多社会都是更加流畅的,民主的,公司的结构正在发生变化也能反映出这一点。

I think we're going to see a greater emphasis within companies on teams created with a specific project in mind.

我认为我们将看到一个更大的重点就是,公司会以团队的形式创建出一个具体的项目。

And when they're completed, the teams will be disbanded and new ones formed.

当他们完成后,团队将被解散,再组成新的。

More and more people see work as simply one part of their lifestyle, and not the most important one, and as the workforce is shrinking in some countries, businesses are having to compete for staff instead of being able to choose among a lot of applicants.

越来越多的人把工作看作是他们的生活方式的一部分,而不是最重要的,而随着劳动力在一些国家正在缩小,企业不得不为了得到员工而竞争,而不是能够从很多的候选者中进行选择。

Typical examples that will attract and retain staff are traditional ones like flexible hours and something that has been made possible by advances in technology remote working, with people based at their home, abroad, or almost anywhere they choose.

能够吸引和留住人才的典型例子是很传统的灵活的时间--先进的科技也使这成为可能-远程办公,员工在家或者国外工作,或者任何他们想去的地方。

Part B :

Management styles will almost certainly continue to change.

管理风格几乎肯定会继续改变。

Senior managers will require a lot more than the efficiency that they've always needed.

高层经理将会需要更多,不仅仅是他们已经需要的高效。

Above all they'll need great skills in leadership, so that their organisation can initiate and respond to change in a fast moving world, where they face lots of competing requirements and potential conflicts.

尤其是他们需要很多关于领导的技巧,使他们的组织可以发起和响应这个快速变化的世界,他们面临很多的竞争性需求和潜在的冲突。

In most of the world, the senior managers of large businesses are mainly men in their fifties and sixties.

在世界上大多数国家,大企业的高级经理主要是五六十岁的男性。

The predominant style of management will almost certainly become more consultative and collaborative, caused above all, by more women moving into senior management positions.

管理的主要风格几乎肯定会变得更加协商和协作,也主要是由于更多的女性进入高层管理职位所引起的。

Many of the changes are influenced by developments in the wider economy.

许多变化是由发展更广泛的经济所影响的。

The traditional emphasis of business was manufacturing, and of course the service sector is very important.

业务的传统重点是制造,当然服务业是非常重要的。

But we shouldn't overlook the growing financial contribution of IP, that is, intellectual property.

但是,我们不应该忽视知识产权日益增长的财政贡献,那就是知识产权。

Some books and films generate enormous sums from the sale of related DVDs, music, games, clothes, and so on.

一些书籍和电影产生的和销售相关的DVD,音乐,游戏,服装等等。

Another point I'd like to make is that although I've been talking about companies, one trend that they have to face is the move away from people working for the same employer for years.

还有一点我想说明的是,虽然我一直在谈论公司,他们要面对的一个趋势就是离开那些为同一个雇主工作多年的员工。

Instead, more and more people are becoming self employed, to gain the freedom and control over their lives that they're unlikely to get from being employed.

相反的,越来越多的人正在成为自雇人士,为了获得的自由和控制自己的生活,这是他们不可能从被雇用中得到的。

OK, well that's all I want to say, so let's open it up for discussion.

好了,这就是我所有想说的,让我们继续来讨论吧。

Question 31 - 37

Complete the table below:

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

                       THE FUTURE OF MANAGEMENT


Business markets


  • greater  among companies

  • increase in power of large  companies

  • rising  in certain countries


External influences on businesses

  • more discussion with  before making business decisions

  • environmental concerns which may lead to more 


Business structures

  • more teams will be formed to work on a particular 

  • businesses may need to offer hours that are  ,or the chance to work remotely


显示答案 正确答案:

31. competition|COMPETITION   

32. global|GLOBAL   

33. demand|DEMAND   

34. customers|CUSTOMERS   

35. regulation|REGULATION   

36. project|PROJECT   

37. flexible|FLEXIBLE   

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