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第一段
1 .Clare: Hi Jake. How are you getting on with the practical teaching?
克莱尔：嗨，杰克。你的实践教学进展如何？
2 .Jake: It’s harder than I expected, but I’ve got some great classes. How about you?
杰克：比我预想的要难，但我上了几堂很棒的课。你怎么样？
3 .Clare: Not brilliant. I’m really struggling with my Year 12 science class.
克莱尔：算不上好。12 年级的科学课上得很吃力。
4 .Jake: Are they hard to control?
杰克：他们很不听话吗？
5 .Clare: Well, I don’t have discipline problems as such. It’s just that they don’t seem to think that science has anything to do with their lives. It’s depressing.
克莱尔：嗯，我没有这方面的纪律问题。只是他们似乎不认为科学与他们的生活有任何关系。这让我很郁闷。
6 .Clare: They listen to what I say, and I gave them a test last week and the results weren’t too bad, but there’s no real engagement.
克莱尔：他们听我讲课，然后我上周给他们做了个测试，结果还不错，但他们没有真正参与进来。
7 .Jake: Right.
杰克：好吧。
8 .Clare: And as part of my teaching practice, I have to design an experiment for them to do.
克莱尔：作为教学实践的一部分，我必须设计一个实验让他们做。
9 .Clare: I was wondering about something on the children’s diets . . . you know, asking them to record what they eat and maybe linking it to their state of health.
克莱尔：我在想关于孩子们饮食的问题……你知道的，让他们记录他们吃了什么，并将其与他们的健康状况联系起来。
10 .Jake: Mmm. Let’s think. So your methodology would involve the children recording what they eat.
杰克：嗯。让我们想想。所以你的方法是让孩子们记录他们吃了什么。
11 .Jake: OK, but you’d also need to have access to the children’s medical records and I don’t think people would be happy about that; confidentiality would be an issue.
杰克：好的，但你还需要获得儿童的医疗记录，我想人们不会乐意这样做；保密会是个问题。
12 .Jake: If you could get the right data, the conclusions might be significant, but I suspect it’s not going to be easy.
杰克：如果你能得到准确的数据，结论可能会很有意义，但我担心这并不容易。
13 .Clare: Right.
克莱尔：是的。
14 .Jake: Have you thought about doing an experiment using animals?
杰克：你想过用动物做实验吗？
15 .Clare: Wouldn’t that be upsetting for the children?
克莱尔：那不会让孩子们感到不安吗？
16 .Jake: Well, the animals don’t have to be harmed in any way. It could just be an experiment where they’re given a certain diet and the effects are observed.
杰克：嗯，动物不必受到任何伤害。可以只是给它们吃某种食物，然后观察其效果。
17 .Clare: Would I have to get permission to use animals?
克莱尔：使用动物需要得到许可吗？
18 .Jake: Yes, you’d have to submit an outline of the experiment and fill in a form, but it’s quite straightforward.
杰克：是的，你必须提交一份实验大纲并填写一份表格，但这很简单。
19 .Clare: But if we found out that, say, a particular diet affects the health of animals, the same thing wouldn’t necessarily be true for people, would it?
克莱尔：但是，如果我们发现，比如说某种饮食会影响动物的健康，这在人身上却不一定适用，对吗？
20 .Jake: No that’s true, but the findings for any experiment are going to be limited. It’s inevitable.
杰克：确实如此，但任何实验的结果都是有限制的。这是不可避免的。
21 .Clare: I suppose so. So what animals could I use to investigate the effects of diet? Mice?
克莱尔：我想也是。那我可以用什么动物来研究饮食的影响呢？小白鼠？
22 .Jake: Yes. You’d need experimental mice – ones that have been specially bred for experiments.
杰克：是的。你需要实验小鼠-专门为实验培育的小白鼠。
23 .Jake: OK, so what will your experiment be investigating exactly?
杰克：好的，那你实验的具体内容是什么呢？
24 .Clare: Well, something to do with nutrition. So maybe we could look at food supplements . . . things like extra iron and extra protein, and their impact on health.
克莱尔：嗯，跟营养有关。也许我们可以研究食物补充剂......比如额外的铁和额外的蛋白质，以及它们对健康的影响。
25 .Jake: Mmm. That might be rather broad. Maybe just look at the effects of one supplement, like sugar, on the health of the mice?
杰克：嗯。这可能比较宽泛。也许可以只研究一种补充剂，比如说糖，对小白鼠健康的影响？
26 .Clare: In fact, maybe the focus could be on whether mice can control their own diet. . . .
克莱尔：事实上，也许可以把重点放在小鼠能否控制自己的饮食上……
27 .Jake: So, what happens when they have access to more sugar, that they don’t really need?
杰克：那么，当小白鼠获得多于它们真正需要的糖时，会发生什么？
28 .Clare: Exactly. Do they eat it or do they decide to leave it?
克莱尔：没错。它们会吃掉那些糖，还是决定不吃？
29 .Jake: Great. Then later on, you could do a follow-up experiment adding another variable.
杰克：很好。之后你可以做一个后续实验，增加另一个变量。
30 .Jake: Like, you could give some of the mice the chance to be more active, running on a wheel or something, and the others just sit around and don’t do much.
杰克：比如，你可以给一些小白鼠活动的机会，让它们在轮子上跑什么的，而其他的小白鼠只是坐着，什么也不做。
31 .Clare: Or I could repeat the experiment but change the type of food I provided . . . or use mice with a different genetic structure.
克莱尔：或者我可以重复这个实验，但改变我提供的食物类型……或者使用不同基因结构的小白鼠。
32 .Clare: But I think your idea would be more interesting, I might think about that some more.
克莱尔：但我觉得你的想法更有趣，我可以再考虑一下。
第二段
1 .Clare: So can I talk through a possible procedure for the experiment where mice are given a sugar supplement?
克莱尔：那么，我能谈谈给小白鼠糖分补充剂这一实验的可行步骤吗？
2 .Jake: Sure. I did a similar experiment in college actually.
杰克：当然可以，其实我在大学时也做过类似的实验。
3 .Clare: Great. So how many mice would I need?
克莱尔：很好。我需要多少只小鼠？
4 .Jake: I’d say about 12. And all young ones, not a mixture of old and young.
杰克：大约 12 只。而且都是幼鼠，不能老幼混合。
5 .Clare: OK. And I’d need two groups of equal sizes, so six in each group. And how would I tell them apart?
克莱尔：好的。我需要两组同样大小的老鼠，每组六只。我怎么区分它们呢？
6 .Clare: I suppose I could put some sort of tag on one group . . . or just mark them in some way?
克莱尔：我想我可以给其中一组贴上某种标签......或者用某种方法标记它们？
7 .Jake: You could use food colouring, that wouldn’t hurt them.
杰克：你可以用食用色素，这不会伤害它们。
8 .Clare: Perfect. Then each group would go into a separate cage, and one group, let’s call them group A, would be the control group.
克莱尔：好极了。然后，每组将被关进一个单独的笼子里，其中一组，我们称之为 A 组，作为对照组。
9 .Clare: So they’d just have ordinary mouse food. I suppose you can buy that?
克莱尔：它们只吃普通的食物，我想你能买到这种食物吧？
10 .Jake: Yes, it comes in dry pellets.
杰克：是的，有干球状的。
11 .Clare: And the other group would have the same as the first group, but they’d also have the extra sugar.
克莱尔：另一组的食物和第一组一样，但它们会有糖分补充剂。
12 .Jake: Would you just give them straight sugar?
杰克：你会直接给它们糖吗？
13 .Clare: It might be better to give them something like cereal with it.
克莱尔：给它们麦片之类的东西可能更好。
14 .Jake: Mmm. Then you’d need to weigh the mice, I should think once a week. And you’d need an electronic balance.
杰克：嗯。那你就得给小白鼠称体重，我觉得应该一周一次。你还需要一个电子天平。
15 .Clare: But we can’t hold them on the balance, or it’d affect the reading.
克莱尔：但我们不能把它们放在天平上，否则会影响读数。
16 .Jake: Exactly. So you need something called a weighing chamber to stop the mice from running away.
杰克：没错。所以你需要一个称重室来防止老鼠跑走。
17 .Jake: It sounds complicated, but actually you can just use a plastic box with holes in the top.
杰克：听起来很复杂，但其实只要用一个顶部有孔的塑料盒就可以了。
18 .Clare: OK. So once we’ve measured the weight gain of each mouse we can work out the average for each group, as well as the standard deviation. And then see where we go from there. That sounds cool, I think the students will enjoy it.
克莱尔：好的。一旦我们测量了每只小鼠的体重增长，就可以算出每组的平均值和标准偏差。然后再看看我们该怎么做。这听起来很酷，我想学生们会喜欢的。
19 .Jake: Yes. One thing you must remember . . .
杰克：是的。有一件事你要记住……