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第一段
1 .OK, Jack. Before we plan our presentation about refrigeration, let’s discuss what we’ve discovered so far.
好了,杰克。在计划关于制冷的演讲之前，我们先来讨论一下目前为止我们的发现。
2 .Fine, Annie. Though I have to admit I haven’t done much research yet.
好的, Annie。不过我得承认我还没有做太多的调查。
3 .Nor me. But I found an interesting article about icehouses.I’d seen some 18th- and 19th-century ones here in the UK, so I knew they were often built in a shady area or underground, close to lakes that might freeze in the winter.
我也没有。但我发现了一篇关于冰窖的有趣文章。我在英国见过一些18世纪和19世纪的，所以我知道它们通常建在阴凉的地方或地下，靠近冬天可能结冰的湖泊。
4 .Then blocks of ice could be cut and stored in the icehouse. But I didn’t realise that insulating the blocks with straw or sawdust meant they didn’t melt for months.The ancient Romans had refrigeration, too.
然后大块的冰可以被切割并储存在冰库里。但我不知道用稻草或锯木屑做隔热就意味着它们几个月都不会融化。古罗马人也有冰箱。
5 .I didn’t know that.
我不知道这一点。
6 .Yes, pits were dug in the ground, and snow was imported from the mountains – even though they were at quite a distance.
是的，他们在地上挖坑，雪从山上运过来——尽管他们离得很远。
7 .The snow was stored in the pits. Ice formed at the bottom of it. Both the ice and the snow were then sold.The ice cost more than the snow and my guess is that only the wealthy members of society could afford it.
雪储存在坑里。冰在它的底部形成。然后冰和雪都被卖掉了。冰比雪贵，我猜只有社会上有钱的人才买得起。
8 .I wouldn’t be surprised. I also came across an article about modern domestic fridges.Several different technologies are used, but they were too complex for me to understand.
我不会感到惊讶。我还读到了一篇关于现代家用冰箱的文章。使用了几种不同的技术，但它们太复杂了，我无法理解。
9 .You have to wonder what happens when people get rid of old ones.
你不得不想，当人们扔掉旧的时会发生什么。
10 .You mean because the gases in them are harmful for the environment?
你是说里面的气体对环境有害吗?
11 .Exactly. At least there are now plenty of organisations that will recycle most of the components safely, but of course some people just dump old fridges in the countryside.
完全正确。至少现在有很多组织会安全地回收大部分部件，但当然有些人只是把旧冰箱扔到乡下。
12 .It’s hard to see how they can be stopped unfortunately. In the UK we get rid of three million a year altogether!
不幸的是，很难看到并阻止他们。在英国，我们一年总共要扔掉300万个!
13 .That sounds a lot, especially because fridges hardly ever break down.
这听起来很多，尤其是因为冰箱几乎从来不会坏。
14 .That’s right. In this country we keep domestic fridges for 11 years on average, and a lot last for 20 or more.
是的。在这个国家，我们家用冰箱的使用寿命平均为11年，很多冰箱的使用寿命在20年以上。
15 .So if you divide the cost by the number of years you can use a fridge, they’re not expensive, compared with some household appliances.
所以如果你用成本除以冰箱的使用年限，和一些家用电器相比，它们并不贵。
16 .True. I suppose manufacturers encourage people to spend more by making them different colours and designs.I’m sure when my parents bought their first fridge they had hardly any choice!
是的。我认为制造商通过制造不同的颜色和设计来鼓励人们花更多的钱。我敢肯定，当我父母买第一个冰箱的时候，他们几乎没有任何选择!
17 .Yes, there’s been quite a change.
是的，现在已经有太多变化了。
18 .Right, let’s make a list of topics to cover in our presentation, and decide who’s going to do more research on them.Then later, we can get together and plan the next step.
好的，让我们列一个演讲的主题清单，决定谁来做更多的研究。然后，我们可以再一起计划下一步。
19 .OK. How about starting with how useful refrigeration is, and the range of goods that are refrigerated nowadays? Because of course it’s not just food and drinks.
好的。我们先从制冷的用途和现在使用制冷的商品的范围开始，怎么样?因为当然不仅仅是食物和饮料。
20 .No, I suppose flowers and medicines are refrigerated, too.
是的，我想花和药也要冷藏。
21 .And computers. I could do that, unless you particularly want to.
还有要用到电脑的部分。我也可以做，除非你特别想做。
22 .No, that’s fine by me. What about the effects of refrigeration on people’s health?
不，我没问题。冷藏对人们的健康有什么影响?
23 .After all, some of the chemicals used in the 19th century were pretty harmful, but there have been lots of benefits too, like always having access to fresh food.Do you fancy dealing with that?
毕竟，19世纪使用的一些化学物质是相当有害的，但也有很多好处，比如总是可以获得新鲜的食物。你喜欢处理这个问题吗?
24 .I’m not terribly keen, to be honest.
老实说，我并不是很喜欢。
25 .Nor me. My mind just goes blank when I read anything about chemicals.
我也是。每当我读到有关化学的东西，我的大脑就会一片空白。
26 .Oh, all right then, I’ll do you a favour. But you owe me, Jack.
哦。那好吧。我来帮你一个忙。但你欠我的 Jack。
27 .OK. What about the effects on food producers, like farmers in poorer countries being able to export their produce to developed countries? Something for you, maybe?
接下来，对粮食生产者的影响如何，比如贫穷国家的农民能够向发达国家出口农产品?也许这部分可以给你做?
28 .I don’t mind. It should be quite interesting.
我不介意，这个感觉很有趣。
29 .I think we should also look at how refrigeration has helped whole cities – like Las Vegas, which couldn’t exist without refrigeration because it’s in the middle of a desert.
我认为我们还应该看看冷藏是如何帮助整个城市的——比如拉斯维加斯，没有冷藏就无法生存，因为它地处沙漠中心。
30 .Right. I had a quick look at an economics book in the library that’s got a chapter about this sort of thing.I could give you the title, if you want to do this section.
是的。我快速浏览了图书馆里的一本经济学书，书中有一章是关于这类事情的。我可以给你书的题目，如果你想做这个部分。
31 .Not particularly, to be honest. I find economics books pretty heavy going, as a rule.
老实说，我并不是特别想做。我发现经济学书籍通常都很难懂。
32 .OK, leave it to me, then.
好的，那把它留给我吧。
33 .Thanks. Then there’s transport, and the difference that refrigerated trucks have made. I wouldn’t mind having a go at that.
谢谢。然后是运输，以及冷藏卡车所带来的不同。我不介意试一试。
34 .Don’t forget trains, too. I read something about milk and butter being transported in refrigerated railroad cars in the USA, right back in the 1840s.
别忘了还有火车。我读到一些关于牛奶和黄油在美国冷藏铁路车厢运输的东西，那是在19世纪40年代。
35 .I hadn’t thought of trains. Thanks.
我本来没想过火车。太谢谢了。
36 .Shall we have a separate section on domestic fridges? After all, they’re something everyone’s familiar with.
我们要不要单独谈谈家用冰箱? 毕竟,他们是大家都很熟悉的东西。
37 .What about splitting it into two? You could investigate 19th- and 20th- century fridges, and I’ll concentrate on what’s available these days, and how manufacturers differentiate their products from those of their competitors.
把它一分为二怎么样?你可以研究19世纪和20世纪的冰箱，我将集中研究当今的冰箱，以及制造商如何将他们的产品与其竞争对手区分开来。
38 .OK, that’d suit me.
很好，这很适合我。